neuro

Question 1

B-amyloid peptide plaques and neurofibrillary tangles containing tau protein throughout neocortex

Answer 1

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 2

common etiologies of delirium

Answer 2

intoxication, drug withdrawal, alcohol, infection, hypo/hyperglycemia, neoplams, seizure, medications

Question 3

TX for essential tremor

Answer 3

propranolol 60-240mg daily. if that doesn’t work, alprazolam, topiramate, gabapentin, mirtazapine, clozapine

Question 4

parkinson’s triad

Answer 4

tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity

Question 5

parkinson’s treatment

Answer 5

levadopa with carbadopa

Question 6

status epilepticus definition

Answer 6

occurrence of single unremitting seizure with a duration longer than 5-10 minutes or frequent clinical seizures without an interictal return to baseline

Question 7

dx of status epilepticus

Answer 7

EEG showing continuous seizure activity is diagnostic. MRI may show lesions that trigger it.

Question 8

continuous or repeated focal motor seizures, focal sensory sxs, or cognitive sxs without impaired consciousness

Answer 8

simple partial seizure

Question 9

continueous or repeated episodes of focal motor, sensory or cognitive sxs with impaired consciousness

Answer 9

complex partial seizures

Question 10

generalized tonic clonic seizure

Answer 10

impaired consciousness

Question 11

altered awareness but not necessarily unconsciousness, typically confused or stuporous, myoclonus, eye blinking, perseveration, language difficulty, altered motor performance

Answer 11

absence seizure

Question 12

frequent myoclonic jerks, usually in setting of altered mental status

Answer 12

myoclonic seizure

Question 13

tx of seizure

Answer 13

first line is diazepam, lorazepam.

phenytoin used to prevent recurrence or for refractory seizure. phenobarbital

Question 14

most common cause of bell’s palsy

Answer 14

herpes simplex and herpes zoster

Question 15

sudden onset unilateral facial paralysis, weakness, eyebrow sagging, inability to close eye, mouth drawn to non affected side, decreased tearing

Answer 15

bell’s palsy

Question 16

tx bell’s palsy

Answer 16

artificial tears, ophthalmic ointment at night to protect cornea, glucocorticoid, valacyclovir

Question 17

tx of cluster HA

Answer 17

sumatriptan and oxygen inhalation.

Question 18

preventative therapy for cluster HA

Answer 18

verapamil

Question 19

contraindications to triptans

Answer 19

pregnancy, ischemic heart disease, focal neuro sxs, uncontrolled HTN, PVD

Question 20

tx for stroke

Answer 20

first r/o hemorrhage with non contrast CT. Altepase for thrombolytic therapy, aspirin 300mg, antihypertensive

Question 21

low flow short lived often recurrent episodes of numbness or tingling in hand, arm, leg, face, tongue, cheeck

Answer 21

TIA

Question 22

dx for TIA

Answer 22

CT or MRI. angiography used to ID source of stenosis. duplex US and transcranial doppler to eval carotids

Question 23

tx of TIA

Answer 23

aspirin 300mg, start tx of HTN with ACE or CCB

Question 24

cardiac causes of syncope

Answer 24

arrhythmias, accessory pathways, infarction, hypertrophy, AV block, sick sinus syndrome, aortic or pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary htn

Question 25

what is the tilt table testing used for?

Answer 25

to determine if orthostatic hypotension is cause of seizure

Question 26

another name for meniere disease

Answer 26

endolymphatic hydrops

Question 27

2 known causes of meniere disease

Answer 27

syphilis and head trauma

Question 28

episodic vertigo, tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 28

meniere disease

Question 29

acute onset of continuous severe vertigo lasting several days to a week, hearing loss, tinnitus

Answer 29

labrynthitis

Question 30

tx of meniere disease

Answer 30

low sodium diet and diuretic like acetazolamide