neuro Flashcards
B-amyloid peptide plaques and neurofibrillary tangles containing tau protein throughout neocortex
Alzheimer’s disease
common etiologies of delirium
intoxication, drug withdrawal, alcohol, infection, hypo/hyperglycemia, neoplams, seizure, medications
TX for essential tremor
propranolol 60-240mg daily. if that doesn’t work, alprazolam, topiramate, gabapentin, mirtazapine, clozapine
parkinson’s triad
tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity
parkinson’s treatment
levadopa with carbadopa
status epilepticus definition
occurrence of single unremitting seizure with a duration longer than 5-10 minutes or frequent clinical seizures without an interictal return to baseline
dx of status epilepticus
EEG showing continuous seizure activity is diagnostic. MRI may show lesions that trigger it.
continuous or repeated focal motor seizures, focal sensory sxs, or cognitive sxs without impaired consciousness
simple partial seizure
continueous or repeated episodes of focal motor, sensory or cognitive sxs with impaired consciousness
complex partial seizures
generalized tonic clonic seizure
impaired consciousness
altered awareness but not necessarily unconsciousness, typically confused or stuporous, myoclonus, eye blinking, perseveration, language difficulty, altered motor performance
absence seizure
frequent myoclonic jerks, usually in setting of altered mental status
myoclonic seizure
tx of seizure
first line is diazepam, lorazepam.
phenytoin used to prevent recurrence or for refractory seizure. phenobarbital
most common cause of bell’s palsy
herpes simplex and herpes zoster
sudden onset unilateral facial paralysis, weakness, eyebrow sagging, inability to close eye, mouth drawn to non affected side, decreased tearing
bell’s palsy
tx bell’s palsy
artificial tears, ophthalmic ointment at night to protect cornea, glucocorticoid, valacyclovir
tx of cluster HA
sumatriptan and oxygen inhalation.
preventative therapy for cluster HA
verapamil
contraindications to triptans
pregnancy, ischemic heart disease, focal neuro sxs, uncontrolled HTN, PVD
tx for stroke
first r/o hemorrhage with non contrast CT. Altepase for thrombolytic therapy, aspirin 300mg, antihypertensive
low flow short lived often recurrent episodes of numbness or tingling in hand, arm, leg, face, tongue, cheeck
TIA
dx for TIA
CT or MRI. angiography used to ID source of stenosis. duplex US and transcranial doppler to eval carotids
tx of TIA
aspirin 300mg, start tx of HTN with ACE or CCB
cardiac causes of syncope
arrhythmias, accessory pathways, infarction, hypertrophy, AV block, sick sinus syndrome, aortic or pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary htn
what is the tilt table testing used for?
to determine if orthostatic hypotension is cause of seizure
another name for meniere disease
endolymphatic hydrops
2 known causes of meniere disease
syphilis and head trauma
episodic vertigo, tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss
meniere disease
acute onset of continuous severe vertigo lasting several days to a week, hearing loss, tinnitus
labrynthitis
tx of meniere disease
low sodium diet and diuretic like acetazolamide
