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family medicine EOR exam > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of BPH

A

obstructive: hesitancy, decreased force of stream, sensation of incomplete emptying, double voiding, straining
irritative: urgency, frequency, nocturia

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2
Q

tx BPH

A

alpha blockers: prazosin, tamulosin
5 alpha reductase inhibitors: finasteride
phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor: tadalafil

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3
Q

surgeries and indications for BPH

A

indications: refractory urinary retention, bladder stones, large bladder diverticula, recurrent UTIs and gross hematuria, CKD
surgeries: TURP, TUIP, TUNA, prostatectomy if >100g (too big for TURP)

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4
Q

severe flank pain, N&V, referred pain to testis or labium

A

nephrolithiasis

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5
Q

nephrolithiasis DX

A

non contrast CT, KUB xray or US–also get a UA

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6
Q

most common urinary stone

A

calcium (radiopaque), uric acid is radiolucent. cystine: smooth edged ground glass appearance

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7
Q

urinary pH of calcium stone

A

5.5-6.8

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8
Q

urinary pH of uric acid or cystine stone

A

<5.5

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9
Q

other lab values to obtain for stones

A

blood CA, uric acid, electrolytes, PTH if hypercalciuria on 24 hr urine

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10
Q

shock wave lithrotripsy?

A

<1.5cm. otherwise need percutaneous nepthrolithotomy

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11
Q

physical exam findings of testicular torsion

A

asymmetrically high-riding testis on affected side. swelling/erythema. cremasteric reflex is absent

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12
Q

gram stain of pyelonephritis causative organisms

A

usually gram negative. (ecoli, proteus, klebsiella, enterobacter, pseudomonas)

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13
Q

physical exam of pyelonephritis

A

fever, tachycardia, CVA tenderness

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14
Q

lab for peylonephritis

A

CBC shows left shift, UA: pyuria, bacteruria, hematuria, white cell casts

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15
Q

tx of pyelonephritis

A

IV ampicillin, aminoglycoside. outpatient = quinolones (get culture and sensitivity and change according to that)

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16
Q

onset of testicular pain, inflammation, redness and warmth in the scrotum

A

epididymitis

17
Q

how to differentiate epididymitis from testicular torsion

A

US shows increased blood flow to epididymis with epididymitis and the cremasteric reflex is present.

18
Q

tx epididymitis

A

if due to chlamydia, azithro. if due to gonorrhea, ceftriaxone.

19
Q

acute cystitis lab finding

A

UA: pyuria, hematuria, bacteriuria

20
Q

painless enlargement of testis

A

testicular cancer

21
Q

types of testicular cancer

A

germ cell tumors most common. nonseminomas or seminomas (leydig, sertolic cell)

22
Q

tx of testicular cancer

A

radical orchiectomy by inguinal exploration with early vascular control of the spermatic cord structures is the initial intervention.

23
Q

first step in DX testicular CA

A

scrotal ultrasound to determine whether mass is intratesticular or extratesticular. also check hCg, alphafeto protein (never elevated in seminoma) and LDH, LFTs.
later do CT of abdomen/chest/pelvis

24
Q

most common type of bladder cancer

A

epithelial (urothelial cell carcinomas)

25
Q

dx bladder cancer

A

cystoscopy with biopsy

26
Q

renal cell cancer triad

A

gross hematuria, flank pain, abdominal mass (advanced stage)

27
Q

common place of met from RCC

A

BONE

28
Q

red cell casts

A

glomerulonephritis

29
Q

tx RCC

A

nephrectomy

30
Q

balantitis

A

inflammation of glans penis or clitoris

31
Q

erythroplasia of Queyrat

A

SCC of glans penis. confirmed with biopsy

32
Q

tx of orchititis (inflammation of testes)

A

NSAIDS for pain, oral cefalexin or cipro

33
Q

male: fever, irritative voiding symptoms, perineal or suprapubic pain

A

acute bacterial prostatitis.

34
Q

most common causative organism acute bacterial prostatitis

A

GNR (ecoli, pseudomonas)

35
Q

tx prostatitis (acute and chronic)

A

acute: IV ampicillin, aminoglycoside…if oral use quinolones
chronic: bactrim for 6-12 weeks
if urinary retention, CANNOT use cath. do percutaneous suprapubic tube.

36
Q

drugs known to cause urinary retention

A

anticholinergics! antidepressants, antipsychotics, sedatives, antihistamines, alpha adrenergic agonists

family medicine EOR exam (14 decks)

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