infectious disease

Question 1

shigellosis treatment

Answer 1

hydration, bactrim

Question 2

shigellosis sxs and cause

Answer 2

diarrhea with blood and mucus, crampy abdominal pain. due to s. sonnei most commonly. fecal oral route.

Question 3

pain and tingling at site of inoculation with spasticity of muscles, stiff jaw and neck, dysphagia, facial muscle paralysis, irritability, hyperreflexia

Answer 3

tetanus

Question 4

trismus

Answer 4

spasm of jaw

Question 5

tetanus treatment

Answer 5

human tetanus immune globulin

Question 6

perianal pruritis especially at night. perianal scrating and impetigo or enuresis

Answer 6

pinworms (enterobiasis)

Question 7

pinworms treatment

Answer 7

albendazole single dose, then repeat in 2 weeks

Question 8

lyme disease causative organism

Answer 8

B burgdorgeri senu strictu

Question 9

flu like sxs and rash erythema migrans – slihglty red lesion with central clearing

Answer 9

lyme disease

Question 10

complications of lyme disease (or later sxs)

Answer 10

facial palsy, meningitis, arthritis

Question 11

treatment of lyme disease

Answer 11

doxycycline, add ceftriaxone if meningitis

Question 12

typhoid fever symptoms

Answer 12

malaise, HA, N&V, abdominal pain, splenomegaly, rose spots

Question 13

lab dx for typhoid fever

Answer 13

blood tests

Question 14

tx typhoid fever

Answer 14

ampicillin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol IV

Question 15

hand, foot and mouth disease AKA

Answer 15

coxsackievirus

Question 16

DX for HIV

Answer 16

ELISA first, confirm with western blot

Question 17

complications of HIV

Answer 17

pneumocystis jirovecil, mycobacterium TB, kaposi sarcoma, CMV retinitis, peripheral neuropathy, hairy leukoplakia, hepatitis, hodgkins

Question 18

when to start antiretroviral therapy for HIV?

Answer 18

symptomatic patients, asymptomatic if CD4 count below 500, rapidly cropping CD4 counts, viral load over 100,000, pregnant patients

Question 19

antiretroviral drugs for HIV

Answer 19

NRTI, PI, entry inhibitors, integrase inhibitors

Question 20

malaise, fever and sore throat, palatal petechiae, splenomegaly, LAD, maculopapular rash

Answer 20

mononucelosis

Question 21

mono causative organism

Answer 21

epstein-barr virus

Question 22

varicella zoster causitive organism

Answer 22

HHV-3

Question 23

varicella zoster tx

Answer 23

antivirals if within 24 hrs. gabapentin for postherpetic neuralgia

Question 24

when can varicella vaccine be given in adults

Answer 24

over 60

Question 25

etiology of meningitis

Answer 25

strep, neisseria in people over 50. immunocompromised–listeria monocytogenes

Question 26

gram stain pneumococcal

Answer 26

gram positive diplococci

Question 27

gram stain meningococcal

Answer 27

gram negative diplococci

Question 28

gram stain listeria

Answer 28

gram positive rod and coccobacilli

Question 29

gram stain H flu

Answer 29

small pleomorphic gram negative coccobacilli

Question 30

treatment of meningitis

Answer 30

ceftriaxone 2g IV BID or cefotaxime and vanco. add ampicillin if over 50yo

Question 31

asplenic patients are susceptible to these organisms

Answer 31

klebsiells, H flu, pneumococcus, meningococcus

Question 32

CSF finding low glucose and PMN predominance

Answer 32

bacterial meningitis

Question 33

CSF finding normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance

Answer 33

aseptic or viral meningitis

Question 34

CSF finding increased gamma globulins

Answer 34

MS

Question 35

CSF finding numerous RBCs xanthochromia and elevated ICP

Answer 35

SAH

Question 36

erythema migrans

Answer 36

lyme disease

Question 37

meningitis in elderly organism

Answer 37

strep pneumo

Question 38

alcoholic with pneumonia or currant jelly sputum

Answer 38

klebsiella

Question 39

osteomylitis in sickle cell patient

Answer 39

salmonella

Question 40

55 yo man with hx smoking and new cough/flulike sxs. gramstain shows no organism. silver stain of sputum shows gram neg rods. dx?

Answer 40

legionella pneumonia

Question 41

acute onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral bells palsy

Answer 41

lyme disease, tx doxy

Question 42

patient develops endocarditits in a native valve after having dental cleaning

Answer 42

strep viridans