infectious disease Flashcards
shigellosis treatment
hydration, bactrim
shigellosis sxs and cause
diarrhea with blood and mucus, crampy abdominal pain. due to s. sonnei most commonly. fecal oral route.
pain and tingling at site of inoculation with spasticity of muscles, stiff jaw and neck, dysphagia, facial muscle paralysis, irritability, hyperreflexia
tetanus
trismus
spasm of jaw
tetanus treatment
human tetanus immune globulin
perianal pruritis especially at night. perianal scrating and impetigo or enuresis
pinworms (enterobiasis)
pinworms treatment
albendazole single dose, then repeat in 2 weeks
lyme disease causative organism
B burgdorgeri senu strictu
flu like sxs and rash erythema migrans – slihglty red lesion with central clearing
lyme disease
complications of lyme disease (or later sxs)
facial palsy, meningitis, arthritis
treatment of lyme disease
doxycycline, add ceftriaxone if meningitis
typhoid fever symptoms
malaise, HA, N&V, abdominal pain, splenomegaly, rose spots
lab dx for typhoid fever
blood tests
tx typhoid fever
ampicillin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol IV
hand, foot and mouth disease AKA
coxsackievirus
DX for HIV
ELISA first, confirm with western blot
complications of HIV
pneumocystis jirovecil, mycobacterium TB, kaposi sarcoma, CMV retinitis, peripheral neuropathy, hairy leukoplakia, hepatitis, hodgkins
when to start antiretroviral therapy for HIV?
symptomatic patients, asymptomatic if CD4 count below 500, rapidly cropping CD4 counts, viral load over 100,000, pregnant patients
antiretroviral drugs for HIV
NRTI, PI, entry inhibitors, integrase inhibitors
malaise, fever and sore throat, palatal petechiae, splenomegaly, LAD, maculopapular rash
mononucelosis
mono causative organism
epstein-barr virus
varicella zoster causitive organism
HHV-3
varicella zoster tx
antivirals if within 24 hrs. gabapentin for postherpetic neuralgia
when can varicella vaccine be given in adults
over 60
etiology of meningitis
strep, neisseria in people over 50. immunocompromised–listeria monocytogenes
gram stain pneumococcal
gram positive diplococci
gram stain meningococcal
gram negative diplococci
gram stain listeria
gram positive rod and coccobacilli
gram stain H flu
small pleomorphic gram negative coccobacilli
treatment of meningitis
ceftriaxone 2g IV BID or cefotaxime and vanco. add ampicillin if over 50yo
asplenic patients are susceptible to these organisms
klebsiells, H flu, pneumococcus, meningococcus
CSF finding low glucose and PMN predominance
bacterial meningitis
CSF finding normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance
aseptic or viral meningitis
CSF finding increased gamma globulins
MS
CSF finding numerous RBCs xanthochromia and elevated ICP
SAH
erythema migrans
lyme disease
meningitis in elderly organism
strep pneumo
alcoholic with pneumonia or currant jelly sputum
klebsiella
osteomylitis in sickle cell patient
salmonella
55 yo man with hx smoking and new cough/flulike sxs. gramstain shows no organism. silver stain of sputum shows gram neg rods. dx?
legionella pneumonia
acute onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral bells palsy
lyme disease, tx doxy
patient develops endocarditits in a native valve after having dental cleaning
strep viridans
