ENT Flashcards

1
Q

irritation, burning and itching of eye lids. red rimmed eyes/scaly/frothy tears

A

blepharitis

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2
Q

tx blepharitis

A

hot wash cloth and baby shampboo, bacitracin to apply to lid margins. if posterior, try tetracyline po bid

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3
Q

tx bacterial conjunctivitis

A

topical sulfonamide TID

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4
Q

topical tx for allergic conjunctivitis

A

H1 antagonist levocabastine hydrochloride .05% or mast cell stabilizer cromolyn sodium 4%

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5
Q

you suspect corneal abrasion. dx and tx?

A

dx with slit lamp or fluorescein staining and check acuity. then topical anesthetic, antibiotic ointment bacitracin/polymyxin and acetaminophen for pain relief. patch and follow up in 1-2 days

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6
Q

dacryoadenitis

A

inflammatory conditions affecting lacrimal system of eye…cystitis is an infection within lacrimal drainage system.

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7
Q

tx dacryoadenitis

A

systemic antibiotic therapy, can prob duct if chronic

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8
Q

tx dacryocystitis

A

warm compress and massage, look for orbital cellulitis then need to admit for IV antibiotics

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9
Q

sxs dacryocystitis

A

sudden pain, erythema, edema overlying lacrimal sac, tearing, mattering, may have cellulitis

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10
Q

fever, proptosis, restriction of extraocular movements, swelling and redness of lids

A

orbital cellulitis

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11
Q

orbital cellulitis tx

A

hospitalize for IV nafcillin with metronidazole or clindamycin to cover anaerobes. if trauma, use cephalosporin to cover staph/strep. vanco or clinda if MRSA

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12
Q

cherry red spot, persistent painless loss of monocular vision

A

retinal artery occlusion

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13
Q

sudden blurring or vision loss in all or part of eye….common from HTN, diabetes, glaucoma, atherosclerosis

A

RVO. refer right away

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14
Q

painful focal abscess on eyelid

A

hordeolum

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15
Q

painless cyst of eyelid

A

chalazion

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16
Q

tx hordeolum

A

warm compresses, lid hygiene, massage, systemic cefalexin

17
Q

blood in anterior chamber. next step?

A

CT of orbit to r/o orbital fracture or foreign body. screen for sickle cell and do a Hgb electrophoresis and refer to opthalmologist

18
Q

curtain over eye…painless sudden appearance of floaters or flashes of light

A

retinal detachment

19
Q

tx retinal detachment

A

refer emergently

20
Q

blurry vision, halos, cloudy/steamy cornea, nausea and vomiting

A

acute angle closure glaucoma

21
Q

tx AACG

A

reduce IOP with acetazolamide. can do osmotic diuretics such as oral glycerin and IV mannitol. refer

22
Q

progressive bilateral loss of peripheral vision..tunnel vision..preserved visual acuity…cupping of optic disc

A

chronic / open-angle glaucoma

23
Q

tx chronic glaucoma

A

prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost/bimatoprost), topical b adrenergic blockers such as timolol (CI in pts with reactive airway disease and heart failure)…definitive treatment is laser therapy and surgery

24
Q

painless loss of central vision

A

macular degeneration

25
drusen
mac degen
26
tx mac degen
antioxidants, VEGF
27
microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, exudates/ischemia, neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhage
diabetic retinopathy
28
tx diabetic retinopathy
VEGF, tx diabetes. vitrectomy.
29
AV nicking, flame hemorrhages and cotton wool spots...stellate macula
HTN retinopathy
30
AV nicking, flame hemorrhages and cotton wool spots...stellate macula
HTN retinopathy
31
optic disc swelling secondary to increased ICP
papilledema
32
blurring, diplopia, visual disortions, may be asymptomatic...symptoms 2ndary to increased ICP such as HA and N&V
papilledema
33
tx papilledema
acetazolamide, prednisone, refer immediately
34
bone conduction over air conduction and louder in affected ear
conductive hearing loss
35
air conduction over bone, louder in unaffected ear
sensorineural hearing loss