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Panre > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

0
Q

What is the dominant sx of Alzheimer’s?

A

Anterograde amnesia

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1
Q

Most common cause of dementia in adults?

A

Alzheimer’s

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2
Q

What shows cortical atrophy with neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques on biopsy?

A

Alzheimer’s

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3
Q

Loss of recent memory, word finding problems, mood swings, personality changes, issues with drawing and driving see what stage of Alzheimer’s?

A

Early

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4
Q

Inability to recall information, diminished memory of remote events, behavioral changes, loss of sense of time and place, help with getting dressed and feeling are signs of what stage of Alzheimer’s?

A

Intermediate

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5
Q

When can definitive dx of Alzheimer’s be done?

A

Autopsy

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6
Q

What is a medication to treat Alzheimer’s?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Donepezil

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7
Q

Avoid what typed of Meds in Alzheimer’s?

A

Anti cholinergic , haldol, OTC cold Meds

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8
Q

What is the hallmark sign of cerebral palsy?

A

Delay in normal milestones

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9
Q

What causes. Cerebral palsy?

A

Some hypoxic event during fetal growth, treat with therapy

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10
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

Facial paresis of lower motor neuron of 7 th cranial nerve.

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11
Q

What is a progressive, ascending, symmetric weakness with variable paresthesias?

A

Giullian-barre syndrome

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12
Q

What is Gillian barre associated with?

A

Viral, flu vaccine, stress, campylobacter jejuni

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13
Q

What does the EMG show with Gillian barre?

A

Demyelination

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14
Q

What is the treatment for Gillian barre?

A

IV immunoglobin, plasma exchange, DO NOT GIVE STEROIDS

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15
Q

What is an autoimmune disease that blocks acetyalcholine receptors?

A

Myasthenia gravis

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16
Q

What are the common sx of myasthenia gravis?

A

Diplopia, dysphagia, facial weakness, difficulty swallowing, early stage affects the eye muscles, activity increases weakness.

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17
Q

How to dx myasthenia gravis?

A

Test for acetylcholine recptor antibodies, or improvement with the Tensilon test. Treat with corticosteroids.

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18
Q

This is a severe unilateral headache with facial issues.

A

Cluster headache. Common with injection, lacrimination, rhinorrhea, miosis, ele edema. Treat with oxygen or ergotamine.

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19
Q

This is a headache which is unilateral, severe, aggravated by activity, 4-72 hrs and associated with photophobia and nausea and vomiting.

A

Migraine

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20
Q

when do you give prophylactic treatment for a migraine and what are the options?

A

If it limits normal activity greater than 3 days a month, severe or has complications. Give propranolol or amitriptyline.

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21
Q

This had a band like pain, bilateral pain, photophobia, nausea, no vomiting, and activity does not change the sx.

A

Tension headache. Most common caused by stress.

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22
Q

How to treat tension headaches.

A

Acetaminophen, NSAIDs, amitriptyline

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23
Q

What is an idiopathic increase in intracranial pressure causing headache, visual disturbance and CN 6 palsy?

A

Pesudotumor cerebri

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24
Q

What is encephalitis and the number one cause?

A

Infection of brain parenchyma….. Herpes. Other causes are enters iris, EBV, CMV, etc.

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25
Q

Patient t presents to clinic with complaint of fever, stiff neck, nausea, confusion, exaggerated DTR, spastic paralysis ( upper motor neuro n sx). What is the dx?

A

Encephalitis

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26
Q

He do you treat encephalitis?

A

Supportive, acyclovir or gancyclovir if needed. NO steroids.

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27
Q

A patient presents to clinic with complaint of headache, nucal rigidity, fever, confusion, seizures, brudzinski or kernig sign. Dx?

A

Meningitis

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28
Q

CSF with mostly polymorphic neutrophils?

A

Bacterial meningitis

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29
Q

CSF with high lymphocytes?

A

Viral meningitis

30
Q

Bacteria common in meningitis in neonates?

A

Gram neg bacilli, strep, listeria

31
Q

Bacteria common in meningitis in kinds up to 15?

A

H. Flu, n. Meningitidis, s. Pheumonae

32
Q

Bacteria causes meningitis in adults?

A

S. Pneumonaie, n. Meningitidis, listeria in over 60

33
Q

Meningitis empiric treatment for neonates!

A

Ampicillin + cefotaxime

34
Q

Meningitis empiric tx for kids/adults?

A

Cefotaxime + vancomycin

35
Q

Meningitis emperor tx for elderly?

A

Cefotaxime + amp + vanc

36
Q

A patient complains of a sudden headache, severe, altered mental status , vomiting. What do you suspect?

A

Ruptured cerebral aneurysm.

37
Q

How do you treat a cerebral aneurysm?

A

Nimodipine, surgery

38
Q

How long are the deficits of a CVA?

A

Over 24 hrs

39
Q

If deficit is less than 24 hrs?

A

TIA

40
Q

Most common site for CVA and sx?

A

Middle cerebral artery: contra lateral hemiplegia, sensory loss, aphasia

41
Q

CVA do the internal carotid causes?

A

Ipsilateral blindness

42
Q

CVA of the anterior cerebral artery causes?

A

Upper motor neuron weakness, urinary incontinence,

43
Q

CVA of the vertebral artery causes?

A

Vertigo, nausea vomiting, nystagmus

44
Q

CVA of the basilar artery causes?

A

Bilateral sensory, paralysis, impaired vision, cranial nerve dysfunction

45
Q

Where does the lacunar disease stem from and what is a common causes?

A

Circle of Willis, HTN

46
Q

Test of choice for suspected CVA?

A

Non contrast CT

47
Q

What is an essential tremor?

A

Involves hand or head, tremor without the rigidity of Parkinson’s. Alcohol improves tremor, treat with propranolol.

48
Q

What are the manifestations of Huntington’s chorea?

A

Flicking movement of extremities, lilting gait, facial grimace, ataxia,

49
Q

What is the dx and treatment. For Huntington’s chorea?

A

Dx by genetic testing, supportive care only. May give haldol early.

50
Q

What causes Parkinson’s disease?

A

Dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia.

51
Q

Patient has pill rolling tremor, mask like fancies, cog wheel extremities, shuffling gait. Think?

A

Parkinson’s

52
Q

Most common treatment for Parkinson’s?

A

Levodopa or bromocriptine

53
Q

This neuro disease presents with upper motor neuron sx and lower motor neuron sx. Describe these sx and what disease is it?

A

ALS or Lou gherigs dz. upper motor neuro.

N sx are spasticity, hyper reflexes, babinski up, and lower motor neuron are muscle atrophy, progressive weakness.

54
Q

What is the presenting sx of ALS?

A

Weakness and atrophy in the hands

55
Q

This is a slow likely autoimmune progressive CNS disease with patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord.

A

Multiple sclerosis

56
Q

Symptoms of MS?

A

Blurred vision, sensory abnormalities, weakness. Heat may worsen sx ( hot shower).

57
Q

What does the MRI of MS show?

A

Abnormal white matter in brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord

58
Q

What is the treatment for MS?

A

No cure. Corticosteroids is the treatment with possible IV gamma globulins

59
Q

This seizure is from a single locus in the brain, consciousness is preserved, and had focal motor sx.

A

Simple partial seizure

60
Q

This seizure may have. Impaired consciousness, chewing movements or lip smacking.

A

Complex partial seizure.

61
Q

This seizure has imparted consciousness with mild components in kids staring is common.

A

Absence

62
Q

Seizure with no loss of consciousness but single or multiple myoclonus jerks.

A

Myoclonic

63
Q

Sudden loss of consciousness and rigid fall to the ground is classic for this seizure.

A

Tonic-colonic

64
Q

Most important test for seizures?

A

EEG.

65
Q

This head injury is a transient loss of consciousness followed by complete resolution in 7-10 days.

A

Concussion

66
Q

Key to dx a simple concussion?

A

No focal neurological findings on exam

67
Q

This is cause d by a rupture of the middle meningeal artery from a skull fracture. CT reveals a lens shaped hematoma.

A

Epidural hematoma

68
Q

This is an accumulation of blood in the brain for venous bleeding. CT shows a crescent shaped hematoma

A

Subdural hematoma

69
Q

Which hematoma has a brief period of unconsciousness the resolve, the returns again?

A

Epidural hematoma

70
Q

What hematoma can cause spinal fluid rhinorrhea?

A

Epidural

71
Q

This is the worst headache of life, stiff neck and delirium?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage.

72
Q

What is the most common brain neoplasm in adults?

A

Glioblastoma

Panre (18 decks)

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