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Panre > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

0
Q

What nerve is affected In a blowout fracture?

A

Infra orbital nerve

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1
Q

Double vision from a blowout fracture involves what muscle?

A

Inferior rectus

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2
Q

This is a granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland. Painless hard swelling of eyelid.

A

Chalazion treat with warm compress, topical abx, I and d.

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3
Q

What Meds do you avoid in bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Neomycin and steroids.

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4
Q

What is hutchinsons sign?

A

Shingles in tip of nose. Refer to ophthalmologist.

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5
Q

What can be seen on fluorescien stain in herpes simplex of the eye?

A

Dendritic ulcers

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6
Q

What med do you give for a corneal abrasion in a contact wearer?

A

To rambling or fluroQuinolones to cover pseudomonas. Follow up in 24 hrs and no contact foR 1 week.

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7
Q

What his dacryocystitis?

A

Infection of the lacrimal sac. Treat with ABX and lid hygiene.

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8
Q

First test if you suspect a foreign body in the eye?

A

Visual acuity.

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9
Q

What is an ophthalmic topical anesthetic?

A

Proparacaine 0.5%

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10
Q

When should you remove the rust ring in an eye?

A

24 hrs

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11
Q

What is normal IOP?

A

8-21 mmHg

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12
Q

This presents with extreme pain, blurry vision, halos, n/v, ha, red eye with steamy cornea, no reactive pupils and a hard eye.

A

Acute glaucoma. Give IV diamox, pilocarpine, and refer.

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13
Q

This is due to abnormal drainage of aqueous through the trabecular mesh work. Asymptomatic.

A

Primary open angle glaucoma.

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14
Q

Treatment for primary open angle glaucoma?

A

Beta blockers, prostaglandin analogs. Referral.

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15
Q

What is a hordeolum?

A

Staph infection of the meibomian gland. Stye. Treat with warm compress and topical abx.

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16
Q

What is a hyphema and how do you treat it?

A

Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber. Place patient. At 45degree angle to keep RBC from staining cornea. No ASA or NSAIDs.

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17
Q

This is a unilateral painful red eye, blurry vision, photophobia WITHOUT discharge.

A

Acute iritis. Refer.

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18
Q

Leading cause of vision loss in the elderly.

A

Macular degeneration.

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19
Q

Rapid form of macular degeneration with greater severity, hemorrhages and neovascularization.

A

Exudate be or wet.

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20
Q

Slow version of macular degeneration with druses.

A

Atrophic or dry.

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21
Q

Test for macular degeneration?

A

Amsler grid chart.

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22
Q

This is an infection of the eyelids and peri ocular tissues, associated with a uri, sx are tearing, fever, erythema, tenderness. Visual acuity, pupil reaction and EOM are normal.

A

Periorbital cellulitis.

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23
Q

this is an infection of the orbital soft tissues, posterior to the orbital septum, pain. With eye movement, decreased visual acuity, proptosis.

A

Orbital cellulitis.

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24
Q

Treatment for peri orbital cellulitis?

A

Augmentin.

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25
Q

Treatment for orbital cellulitis?

A

Hospital IV abx.

26
Q

Patient presents with sudden loss of vision, pain oath eye movement. Funduscopic exam shows inflammation of the optic nerve. What is dx and what is it associated with?

A

Optic neuritis. Associated with MS. Tx with steroids.

27
Q

Fleshy lesion on cornea?

A

Pterygium. Pterodactyl

28
Q

Yellow lesion on conjunctiva.

A

Pinguecula.

29
Q

Painless curtain over vision, flashers and floaters, does not resolve.

A

Retinal detachment. Refer.. Keep in supine position.

30
Q

Curtain on vision, comes and goes?

A

Amarosus fugex. Check carotids for plaques. Like TIA.

31
Q

Sudden painless profound visual loss. Swelling of retina, box car arteries and pale retina with cherry red spot. What is this?

A

Retinal artery occlusion. Immediate referral

32
Q

Vision loss with retinal hemorrhages.

A

Retinal vein occlusion.

33
Q

Vision loss with retinal hemorrhages, neovascularization, cotton wool spots?

A

Diabetic retinopathy. Yearly eye exams and control diabetes.

34
Q

Vision changes with av nicking, flame shaped hemorrhages on retina.

A

Hypertensive retinopathy.

35
Q

Absent red reflex, white pupil.

A

Retinoblastoma. Refer.

36
Q

Pathogens for acute otitis media?

A

S. Pneumo
H. Flu
M. CST

37
Q

Tm bullae think….

A

Mycoplasm pneumonaie.

38
Q

First line tx for AOM?

A

Amoxicillin. If PCN allergic use azithromycin

39
Q

Treatment for chronic otitis media?

A

Cipro. Drops.

40
Q

Patient presents with postsuricular pain and erythema, fever, bulging TM. Dx, treatment and test of choice?

A

Mastoiditis. CT is test of choice. Treat with IV ampicillin, surgical drainage.

41
Q

Pathogens for otitis external?

A

Pseudomonas, staph, proteus, fungi aspergillus.

42
Q

Treatment for otitis externa?

A 
Otic aminogylcosides (neomycin, polymyxin b)
Fungal Amphotericin b
43
Q

Episodic vertigo lasting 1-8 hrs, low frequency hearing loss and tinnitus?

A

Ménière’s disease. Test with caloric testing. Treat with low salt diet, anti vertigo Meds, possible surgical decompression. Due to distention of the endolymphatic compartment of the inner ear.

44
Q

Episodic vertigo, unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus?

A

Acoustic neuroma. Benign tumor of the myelin forming cells of the vestibulocochlear nerve. CN VIII

45
Q

Acute onset of CONTINUOUS vertigo,neither hearing loss and tinnitus. Follows a URI frequently.

A

Labyrinthitis. Self limiting.

46
Q

Patient over 50 with dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, nausea. Head movement makes it worse. Last s less than 1 min. Dx, tx.

A

BPPV. Dix Hallpike test positive. Treat with Eply maneuver or watch and wait.

47
Q

Conductive hearing loss weber/rinne?

A

Weber: sound heard in ear with loss.
Rinne: BC>AC

48
Q

Sensorineural loss Renne.

49
Q

Meds that cause hearing loss.

A

Aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin)
Lasix
Cisplatin

ASA causes tinnitus.

50
Q

Acute sinusitis time for sx, most common site, and common pathogens?

A

Greater than 10 days, maxillary, s. Pneumonaie, h. Flu, m. Cat

51
Q

Test of choice for acute sinusitis?

52
Q

Treatment for acute sinusitis?

A

Augmentin for kids and adults. Second line levo. Treat for 10-14 Days.

53
Q

Treatment length for chronic sinusitis?

A

2-3 weeks.

54
Q

Eosinophils in nasal smear?

A

Allergic rhinitis.

55
Q

Treatment for epistaxis?

A

Anterior: petroleum packing
Posterior: sponge pack, balloon Tamponade
Keflex, augmentin

56
Q

Why do you avoid ampicillin in EBV?

A
  1. It is a virus.

2. Causes a rash.

57
Q

Painless white patches overlying Erythematous mucosa in mouth. Easily ribbed off, no bleeding. Dx?

A

Oral candidiasis, thrush. Tx with nystatin, flucsonazole. Recurrent could mean HIV.

58
Q

Lab txt for herpes simplex?

A

Tzanck smear.

59
Q

White mouth lesion not able to scrape off and bleeds?

A

Oral leukoplakia.

60
Q

Risk factors for oral leukoplakia?

A

Tobacco, alcohol, oral infections. Get bx to rule out malignancy.

61
Q

Treatment for leukoplakia?

A

Hairy: acyclovir
Normal : isotretinoin
Remember to check HIV status and rule out malignancy

62
Q

Where does an peritonsillar abscess form?

A

Between anterior and posterior tonsil pillars and the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

63
Q

Patient complains of acute swelling and pain with meals and tenderness at salivary gland duct opening. Dx?

A

Sialadenitis. Massage, lemon drops and bx if needed.

Panre (18 decks)

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