Neuro Flashcards
examiner turns head side to side, while holding eyes open
Oculocephalic reflex
Favorable Oculocephalic Reflex
eyes stay looking forward, DO NOT move with head
Oculocephalic Reflex Test Is Not Preformed When
cervical damage suspected
cold water pressed into auditory canal, assess for eye movement;
Oculovestibular reflex:
Normal Oculovestibular Reflex
Norm reaction- eyes turn towards to cold water
Reflexes specific to the unconscious population → brain stem function
- Oculocephalic reflex
- Oculovestibular reflex
Decortication
(unfavorable)-abnormal flexion response; spontaneously or with painful stimuli
elbow, wrist and fingers flexed; legs extended with internal rotation
Decerebration
abnormal extension response; spontaneously or with stimuli; cortex and brain stem involvement; Report Immediately
15 on the Glasgow Coma Scale
fully intact
4-7 on Glasgow Coma Scale
some degree of coma
3 or less of glasgow Coma Scale
deep coma
Cerebral angiography
X-ray examination of Brain Vascular
Prior to Cerebral angiography
Allergies- Iodines, seaford, x-ray dye
Lasts 1-2 hours – Must remain still!!
NPO
Renal probs/ Metformin/ drugs that interfere w/ renal profusion
Advantages of Cerebral angiography
visualize intracranial and extracranial blood vessels
Post Cerebral angiography
Puncture site – high risk of bleeding, assess site→ pressure dressing
Extremity circulation – Neuro Checks
Status- V/s and Nuero
Increase fluids → aids in renal excretion and removing dye
Post Cerebral Aniography Position
straight, lie flat, bedrest until alert & v/s stable
CT scan
Provides cross sectional view of the head and brain; use radiation
White in CT SCAN
BONE
Black (CT Scan)
CSF fluid/ ventricles
contains fluid that protects and cushions the organs of hearing and balance; contains membraneous lymphcontains
Bony Labyrinth
Oriented in 3 different planes, stimulated by rate and direction of movement;
sensory organs that help with equilibrium
Semicircular Canals
includes the vestibule, cochlea, semicircular canals, membranous labyrinth, bony labyrinth
Inner Inner
Bone conduction
vibration of skull→vibrates fluid (bypasses external and middle ear)
Nystagmus
abnormal eye movements, twitching/ blurred vision
Presbycusis
age related hearing lost
dr specializes in dx, tx, sx, of ear conditions
Otologist
Caution using ear wicks with
children, confused
Positive Rinne Test
normal AC>BC
Negative Rinne Test
BC>AC. Conductive (inner hear)
Palpebrae
eyelid
thin transparent mucus membranes, secretes mucus and oil to moisten (keep clear and free of friction) cornea
Conjunctiva
2 Types of Conjunctive
palpebral conjunctiva – lines eyelid
bulbar conjunctiva – lines sclera
most anterior portion of eye
transparent and avascular
Cornea
limited refractory –> gross focus of eye
Cornea
highly vascular & donut shaped, eye color
Iris
Pupil
opening in center of iris
supplies blood to retinal layer
Choroid
produces and secretes Aqueous humor
Ciliary Body
most sensitive area
densely packed cones, NO RODS
sharpest visual accuracy
Fovea Centalis
unequal pupil sizes
Anisocoria
bulging of the eyes
Exopthalmos
Enopthamlos
sunken eyes
OD
Right Eye
OU
Both Eyes
OS
Left Eye
Ishihara Test
color vision
Amsler Grid
determine macular degeneration
test central vision
grid with central black dot
grid with central black dot
Amsler Grid
Frequency of Diabetic Eye Visits
q3-6mo
Ophthalmologist
DX, TX, SX- eye diseases
Optometrist
Dx, Tx; not SX
Optician
shapes, grinds, and forms lenses
