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N102 > Cardiovascular Disturbances > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

High levels can irritate blood vessels, raise LDL Levels Marker for Irritation and Inflammation

A

Homocysteine

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2
Q

ECHO–> Lateral motion & spatial relationship

A

2-D

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2
Q

Pace Maker of the Heart

A

SA Node

initiates electircal impulse

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3
Q

Pulses Alterans

A

Weak and Strong beats arnateltrnate

(depression of LV decreases)

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4
Q

–> info about abnormalities of valvular structure & motion, chamber sz/ contents, ventricular & septal motion/ thickness, pericardial sac, ascending aorta

A

ECHO

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5
Q

TEE

A

Transesophageal Echocardiogram

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5
Q

Frank Starlings Law

A

*Fiber stretch during diastole -> increased force of contraction (systole) *

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6
Q

Transesophageal Echocardiogram

A

more precise echo of heart than 2-d less interference from chest wall structures –> high quality of images of thoracic aorta (except superior ascending)

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7
Q

Troponin I

A

Fastest, longest, most specific –> MI

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8
Q

T wave

A

Repolarization of ventricles

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9
Q

Firing of the SA nodes/ depolarization of the atrial fibers

Impulse through atria

A

P wave

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10
Q

Xanthomas

A

Yellow plaque cholesterol filled nodules on eyelids and ears

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11
Q

S1

A

closure of tricuspid & mitral valves

beginning of systole

sumulataneous w/ carotid pulse

heard best at mitral valce (5th ics, mcl)

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12
Q

=CO

A

SV x HR

Normal (4-8L/min)

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12
Q

Pulse Deficits are caused by

A

incomplete filling of the ventrical prior to contraction –> unable to produce a palpable pulse

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13
Q

Volume of blood ejected with each contraction

A

Stroke volume

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13
Q

=Cardiac Index

A

CO/BMI

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14
Q

M-mode (Echo)

A

Motion view –> precise views

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14
Q

McCarthy’s Sign

A

Diagonal earlobe crease

may predict heart disease/ heart attack?

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15
Q

Troponin T Norm. Level

A
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16
Q

C-Reactive Protein

A

Indicates inflammation Correlation of CRP to CAD Woman W/ Increased Levels More likely to die

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17
Q

Murmur

I/VI

II/VI

III/VI

IIII/VI

V/VI

VI/VI

A

Soft, faint, barely audible

Quiet, soft but audible

Easily audible

Loud asc w/ thrill

Extremely Loud w/ palpable thrill

Loudest w/ Visible Thrill

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19
Q

Measures heart’s electrical activity as wave

electrodes on chest & Limbs Standard = 12 leads

A

ECG/EKG

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20
Q

Coronary arteries are perfused during

A

diastole

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21
Q

Medications that reduce both preload and after load

A

Nipride

Morphine

Natrecor

(Vasodilators)

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22
Q

Homocysteine (High)

A

>15 umol/l

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22
Q

Hyperkinetic

A

Bounding

Widend pulse pressure

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23
Q

Doppler technology –> direction and flow of blood through heart

A

Echo

24
Q

S3

A

Ventricular Gallop

early systole

d/t vibrations during rapid early ventricular filling

CHF, Mitral Regurg, Constrictive Pericardium, L to R Shunts

(Ken tuc KY)– Lub Dub Dee

25
Q

Normal BNP Level

A

< 100pg/ml

26
Q

Troponin Time Frames

A

3-12, 24-48 (peak) norm (5-14days)

26
Q

S2

A

Closure of **aortic & pulmonic valves **

Sharp

Beginning of diastole

  • RSB 2nd ICS*
  • Repolarization*
28
Q

Myoglobin Time Frame

A

Rise 30-60min, peak 6-7hrs, returns to norm 24hrs

30-6-24

28
Q

Infraction of the RCA affects

A

Condution

* supplies SA&AV nodes, Bundle of His

29
Q

Creatnine Kinase

A

Rise 4-6 hrs after onset of MI 3-12 hrs, peak 18-24hrs, norm (2-3days) Confirm/ rule out MI

30
Q

Pressure against which left ventricle must pump to overcome higher pressure in aorta to eject blood

A

After-load

31
Q

Cardiac Markers

A

Troponins

BNP

CK Myoglobin Homocysteine CRP

32
Q

Pulses Paradoxus

A

>10mmHg SBP during norm inspiration

34
Q

NPO Time (TEE)

A

6 hours before

needed DD

35
Q

Holter Monitor

A

Ambulatory ECG 24-48 HRS *Pt keeps diary of activities & symptoms* No shower/ bath wearing monitor

37
Q

Pharmacological Echo

A

Sub for exercise

38
Q

Widow Maker

A

LAD

39
Q

BNP***

A

increased ventricular volume & pressure (heart failure) Accurately dx and grade heart failure

41
Q

Myoglobin Normal Level (Male)

A
42
Q

Homocysteine (Normal)

A
44
Q

Most important dx test to determine extent and treatment for MI

A

Serial ECG’S

45
Q

High CRP Indicates

A

MI Angina Lupus Trauma Post-op Heatstroke

45
Q

S4

A

Atrial Gallop

blood forced into a ventricle that resist filling

HTN, MI, CAD, L Vent Hypertrophy, Aortic Stenosis

Dee Lub Dup

46
Q

Murmur Grading

A

6 pt scale of loudness (soft to loud)

Recorded as Roman Numeral Ratio

Numerator= (intensity)

Always over VI

47
Q

Paracardial Friction Rub

A

Inflammation of Paricardial Sac

scratchy sound @ erbs point

49
Q

Myoglobin Normal Level (Female)

A
50
Q

Pulsations of the epigastric region may reflect…

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

52
Q

Myoglobin

A

Early indicator–> NOT specific Released into blood w/ ischemia, trauma, & inflammation of muscle Angina/ Cardioversion –> elevation

53
Q

Homocysteine (Mod)

A

12-15 umol/l

54
Q

CRP Levels

A

Norm 3mg/L

55
Q

Left Anterior Descending Artery supplies

A

Anterior interventricular septum

Anterior Wall of the Left Ventricle

Apex

*Anterior wall MI

56
Q

Differences in left ventricular wall motion and thickening before & after exercise

A

Stress Echo

57
Q

QRS complex

A

depolarization from AV node through the ventricles

58
Q

Tamponade

A

Fluid around the heart –>constricts the heart

59
Q

Ultrasound waves record movement of structures of heart

A

Echocardiogram

61
Q

Troponin I Normal Level

A

0.4 ng/ml

62
Q

Hypokinetic

A

(Weak) Narrowed Pulse Pressure

63
Q

Veins

A

Low pressure, high volume, thin walled

64
Q

Affect After-load

A

Ventricle Size

Wall Tension

BP

65
Q

Infraction of the Left Cicumflex Coronary Artery affects

A

lateral & posterior wall of LV & posterior IVS (interventricular septum)

66
Q

Affect Stroke Volume

A

Preload

Contractility

After-load

67
Q

U wave (electrocardiograph)

A

May –> repolarization of the Purkinje Fibers or hypokalemia

68
Q

Nursing Considerations (TEE)

A

bite block, spray throat, remove dentures

sedation –>No eating/ drinking until gag reflex returns

Monitor V/S, O2 Sats

Suction

N102 (13 decks)

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