Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

eLCRS - 뉴로 > Neuro 2: Spinal Cord function and Dysfunction > Flashcards

Neuro 2: Spinal Cord function and Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

How many spinal segments are there?

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the 31 pairs of spinal nerves consist of?

\_\_\_ cervical 
\_\_\_ thoracic 
\_\_\_ lumbar 
\_\_\_ sacral 
\_\_\_ coccygeal
A

What does the 31 pairs of spinal nerves consist of?

8 cervical 
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral 
1 coccygeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nerves leave the vertebral column through the _______ ______

A

Nerves leave the vertebral column through the INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMINA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the 2 enlargements for the innervation of the limbs?

A

Cervical (C3-T1)
- has extra motor neurones that goes to muscles of the upper limb

Lumbar (L1-S3)
- has extra motor neurones that goes to the muscles of the lower limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lesion of nerve above C3-C5 would result in

A

Lesion of nerve above C3-C5 would result in :

- not being able to breathe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a major difference in the development of the spinal cord and the vertebral column?

A
  • spinal cord stops growing early

- vertebral column keep on growing into adulthood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What part can be used to sample CSF ?

A
  • the lumbar cistern
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

A

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

  • subarachnoid space
  • pia mater (denticulate ligaments)
  • extradural/epidural space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the denticulate ligaments?

A
  • tethers the spinal cord

- holds it in the middle of the subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is extradural/epidural space located in?

would you find this in the cranial meninges?

A
  • between outside of the dura + the bone

no.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is epidural space fulled with ?

A

venous plexuses + fatty tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why is the epidural space clinically useful?

A

clinically useful:

because you can inject anesthetic by giving an epidural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 most important tracts in spinal cord injury?

A
  1. Lateral Corticospinal Tract
    - motor
    - for fine movements
  2. Dorsal Columns
    - sensory
    - touch, vibration, pressure
  3. Spinothalamamic Tract
    - pain, temp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 stages of response to an injury to the lateral corticospinal tract?

A

STAGE 1 - spinal shock:

STAGE 2 - Return of reflexes:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe stage 1 response to injury to the lateral corticospinal tract

A 
STAGE 1 - spinal shock: 
- lose all reflex activity below level of lesion 
- no direct damage (just stops working) 
- leads to flaccid paralysis 
(limbs = floppy, little muscle tone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe stage 2 response to injury to the lateral corticospinal tract

A

STAGE 2 - Return of reflexes:
- hyperreflexia
(if you test knee jerk reflex, legs will go mad)
- spasticity occurs
(spontaneous muscle contraction occurs)
- there is very high muscle tone –> rigid paralysis

most probably due to lower motor neurons below level of lesion being cut off from their normal activating pathway

  • -> so they have lowered threshold
  • -> becomes more sensitive.
18
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract neurones decussate at level of ______

A

Lateral corticospinal tract neurones decussate at level of the medulla

19
Q

Unilateral lesion in mid thoracic region –> deficit is on same/opposite side as lesion

A

Unilateral lesion in mid thoracic region –> deficit is on same side as lesion

20
Q

What is the Dorsal Column responsible for?

A

Dorsal Column responsible for:

- fine touch + proprioception

21
Q

Describe the tract/organisation of the dorsal column

A
  • sensory neurons enter the spinal cord
  • they travel up same side of spinal cord
  • also decussates at level of the medulla
  • then goes to the somatosensory cortex
22
Q

What is the Spinothalamic tract responsible for?

A
  • pain and temperature
23
Q

Describe the tract/organisation of the spinothalamic tract

A
  • pain nerves cross over immediately as they enter spinal cord
  • neurons goes into dorsal horn
  • synapses with 2nd cell
  • which sends its axon immediately across the midline
24
Q

Left sided unilateral lesion at mid thoracic level doesn’t interrupt the spinothalamic tract from the ____leg

BUT
it will interrupt the spinothalamic tract going up the ____ side coming from the ___ leg

So lesion on the left causes loss of pain sensation in the ____ leg

A

Left sided unilateral lesion at mid thoracic level doesn’t interrupt the spinothalamic tract from the LEFT leg

BUT
it will interrupt the spinothalamic tract going up the LEFT side coming from the RIGHT leg

So lesion on the left causes loss of pain sensation in the RIGHT leg

25
Q

List 3 factors affecting severity of spinal lesion

A
  1. loss of neural tissue
  2. vertical level
  3. transverse plane
26
Q

Explain how loss of neural tissue affects severity of spinal lesion

A

usually trauma –> loss of neural tissue = small

metasases, degenerative diseases –> more extensive loss

27
Q

Describe how vertical level affects severity of spinal lesion

A

higher the lesion, greater the disability

28
Q

What is the most common cause of spinal cord injury?

A
  • broken neck or back
29
Q

What are the 3 tracts important for spinal cord injury?

A
  • lateral corticospinal tract
  • dorsal columns
  • spnothalamic tract
30
Q

Describe the Brown-Seuard syndrome

A
  • with unilateral lesions, the relationship of the deficit to the lesion depends on where the tract decussates.
31
Q

note:
at top vertebral level +spinal cord segment = correlates

at bottom there is greater discrepancy btw spinal + vertebral levels
–> place where spinal nerve emerges becomes more and more inferior in relation to the vertebral level

A

-

32
Q

collection of nerves at bottom =

A

chordae equina

33
Q

there are _ cervical vertebrae but ___ cervial nerves

A

there are 7 cervical vertebrae but 8 cervial nerves

34
Q

note: there is no epidural space in the brain, but there is a epidural space in the spinal cord

A

-

35
Q

why are the presence of meninges important?

A
  • for reabsorption of CSF

- for protection

36
Q

What is the difference between dermatome / myotomes?

A

area of skin(dermatome) or muscle (Myotome) innervated by one single spinal nerve/ segment

37
Q

note: motor neurones goes into ventral horn - (anterior horn) (upper butterfly wing)

sensory neurons goes into dorsal horn (posterior horn) (lower butterfly wing)

but in the RAMUS of both - there is a mixture of sensory + motor

A

-

38
Q

Describe the pathway of the corticospinal tract

A
  • voluntary movement starts in motor cortex
  • there is a single neurone in the brain which synapses onto the a single neurone in the ventral horn then a peripheral nerve goes out to a muscle
  • upper motor neurone = in brain - it emerges and crosses over in the medulla at the decussation of the pyramids –> and travels down the spinal cord –> becomes a part of peripheral nerve –> then goes to a muscle
39
Q

3 main sensory neurones located at:

A
  • in skin
  • in cns
  • one going up to the brain
40
Q

sensory neurone has cell body in the ____ ___ ______

A

dorsal root ganglion

41
Q

What does the dorsal column pathway do?

A

it bring in information about fine touch
–> activates dorsal column

  • sensory neurone strive up same side of spinal cord as the part of the body innervated

eLCRS - 뉴로 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions