Neuro 1 Flashcards
Brain and spinal cord is which system
CNS central nervous system
peripheral nerves and ganglia system name?
PNS peripheral nervous system
Functional unit of the nervous system
neuron
3 functions of neurons:
- Conduct “electrical” signals - action potentials
- Release “chemical” signals - neurotransmitters
- integrate neuronal activity and connections “circuitry”
What are the 3 types of neurons corresponding to their functions?
- Motor nerves: control mvt
- Sensory nerves: detect external stimuli
- Association neurons: in CNS responsible for behaviour, thought, emotions …
Dendrites:
part of the neuron that RECEIVES info from sensory receptors and sends it to the cell body
Axons:
DELIVER electrical signal from cell body TO another neuron / effector organ
A neuron performs the function of moving “_____” rapidly by conducting _____ ______ called action potentials frm one physical location to another, then converting the electrical impulse to _______ _____ at the _____
- information
- electrical impulse
- chemical signal
- synapse
Sensory or Afferent neurons conduct impulses from ______ into ______
Sensory receptors (PNS/CNS)
into
CNS
(carry signals TO cns)
_______ are located entirely within the CNS and help integrate CNS functions.
Association or interneurons
- sends signals from one neuron to another
Motor or Efferent neurons conduct impulses from ____ out of the _____ to _____
sensory receptors (CNS/PNS)
out of the CNS
to effector organs like muscles or glands (PNS)
(carry signals FROM cns)
What type of neuron has reflex and voluntary control of skeletal muscles?
somatic motor neurons
What type of neuron has involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?
autonomic motor neurons
What type of neuron is further subdivided as sympathetic and parasympathetic?
autonomic neurons
What are 4 types of neurons corresponding to their structure?
- pseudopolar (unipolar): sensory, 1 process that splits
- bipolar: retinal and chochlear, 2 processes
- multipolar: most common, motor association, many dendrites but one axon
- anaxonic: some CNS neurons, no obvious axon
What are 2 supporting cells of the PNS?
- Schwann cells: form myelin sheaths around PNS axon
2. Satellite cells: support cell bodies with ganglia of PNS
What are 4 supporting cells of the CNS?
- oligodendrocytes: form myelin sheaths around CNS axon
- microglia: migrate through CNS and phagoytose debris
- astrocyte: regulate external environment
- ependymal cells: line ventrical cavities of brain and spinal cord
Schwann cells of the PNS are similar to ____ of the CNS.
How are they different?
oligodendrocytes
PNS: Schwann cell wraps one axon
CNS: One oligodendrocyte forms myelin sheaths around several axons
Astrocytes are ____ cells.
Glial cells (insulate and support) - most abundant nervous tissue in the brain
Processes of astrocytes 1/7.
- K+ taken from ECF
- diffused from neurons durig impulse
- maintain proper ionic environment
Processes of astrocytes 2/7.
- take up NT glutamate
- convert to glutamine
- release back to neuron
- reform glutamate
Processes of astrocytes 3/7.
- end feet surround blood capillaries
- take up glucose
- metabolize to lactate
- use for energy (ATP) aerobic
Processes of astrocytes 4/7.
- formation of synapses in CNS
Processes of astrocytes 5/7.
- regulate neurogenesis in adult brain
- stem cell diffferentiation (glial and neuronal)
