Immune 2 Flashcards
What is the equation of total arterial o2 carrying capacity in blood?
total = HbO2 (Hb bound) + unbound (dissolved O2)
RBC cannot use oxygen therefore goes through anaerobic glycolysis. What is a byproduct of this side reaction in RBC?
- 2,3 DPG
- diphosphoglyceric acid
- inhibited by oxyhemoglobin HbO2
- inverse
When HbO2 levels decrease, the production of 2,3, DPG _____?
- increase when HbO2 decrease
What happens as a result of 2,3, DPG in RBC?
- increase oxygen unloads
- curve shifts right
How many days does a RBC take to develop? Lifespan?- what does it not have?
- mitochondria nucleus ER - 7 days develop (recall produced in the bone marrow as a erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte) - 120 days (4 mnths)
What is bilirubin?
the product of RBC breakdown (breakdown of heme)
- RBC destroyed by the spleen
How is bilirubin broken down?
- from the spleen
- liver enzymes bind bilirubin
- excreted in the bile (produced in the liver)
Physiological jaundice occurs cuz (2 things)
- rapid fall in Hb in blood at birth
2. Premies have inadequate liver enzymes to bind and excrete the bilirubin
How do you break down bilirubin molecules in new borns?
phototherapy with blue light
What is the difference between alpha and beta thalassemia?
a: decreased synthesis of a chains
b: impaired synthesis of b chains
What does thalassemia cause?
- excessive destruction of RBC
- stillborn, anemia, abnormalities iron overload (not binding to the RBC)
What is iron overload?
deposition around the body of iron
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited _____ disease.
recessive
- 2 copies of HbS instead of HbA
What does HbS cause
Hb S polymerizes to long fibres
- creates sickle cells
= hemolysis
What is the problem with the Rh factor situation?
- mother is negative (doesnt have antigen)
- 1st fetus is positive (has the antigen)
- mix blood
- Rh+ antigen (on rbc) exposed to mother
- Mother produces anti-Rh + antibodies in response and sees it as foreign
