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MSK Week 2 > Neural Tissue Lab > Flashcards

Neural Tissue Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Other names for cell body

A

Perikaryon and soma

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2
Q

Products of cell body RER

A

cytoskeletal elements transport and secretory proteins

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3
Q

What type of neuron has a real abundance of Nissl bodies?

A

Motor

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4
Q

In a neuron, where can we find golgi?

A

Cell body only

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5
Q

In the neuron, where can we find mitochondria?

A

Anywhere

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6
Q

Most commonl ocations for mitochondria?

A

Cell body and axon terminals

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7
Q

What are neurofilaments?

A

Intermediate filaments in neurons

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8
Q

How do we visualize neurofilaments?

A

when cross-linked w/certain fixatives, these retain silver stains well, visible with Light Microscope!

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9
Q

What other pigments can we see in neurons?

A

Lipofuscin and others due to lysosomal digestion/aging because neurons are long-lived cells

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10
Q

Terminal arborization?

A

Distal end of the axon

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11
Q

Types of movement along an axon

A

Anterograde and retrograde

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12
Q

Anterograde movement

A

Kinesin takes thing from cell body down to end of axon

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13
Q

Retrograde movement

A

Synaptic terminal back to cell body via Dynein

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14
Q

Glial CNS cells

A

Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes Microglial cells Ependymal cells

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15
Q

Main function of oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS, able to branch and ensheath parts of more than one axon! provide electrical insulation

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16
Q

What is the predominant glial cell in the CNS white matter?

A

Oligodendrocyte

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17
Q

Why is it called “White” matter?

A

High lipid concentration

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18
Q

Main functions of Astrocytes

A
  1. Structural and metabolic support of neurons 2. Contribute to BBB 3. Initiate/Aid repair processes
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19
Q

How do Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support of neurons?

A
  • guides developing neurons in the CNS - regulates extracellular ion concentrations, esp K+ buffering - regulates vasodilation - moves nutrients, wastes, etc b/w neurons and capillaries
20
Q

How do Astrocytes contribute to BBB?

A
  • extensions called perivascular feet cover capillary endothelium - expanded processes form a barrier layer (glial limiting membrane) - lines the meninges @ the external CNS surface
21
Q

Types of astrocytes?

A

Fibrous Protoplasmic

22
Q

Fibrous astrocytes?

A

predominate in white matter, have relatively few but long processes

23
Q

Protoplasmic astrocytes?

A

Predominate in gray matter ave many but shorter, branched processes

24
Q

GFAP?

A

larger processes of all astrocytes reinforced with glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Common source of brain tumors

25
Q

Frequency of astrocytes vs. oligodendrocytes?

A

most numerous in the CNS. don’t confuse w/predominance of oligodendrocytes - they’re just the most prevalent in the white matter of the CNS

26
Q

Type of stain to see astrocytes

A

Cajal’s. Blackens astrocytes

27
Q

Main function of microglial cells?

A

defense & immune-related activities (cytokine secretion)

28
Q

Histology oligodendrocytes

A

Oligodendrocytes have nuclei that are small, round and stained very densely

29
Q

Microglial cells on histology

A

The microglial cell bodies are thinner and usually elongated (they have short irregular processes that require special stains to identify)

30
Q

Where do we find ependymal cells?

A

line ventricles of the brain & the central canal of the spinal cord

31
Q

Structural features of ependymal cells

A

some cellular apices have cilia that facilitate CSF movement some have long microvilli (likely for absorption)

32
Q

Another name for a schwann cell?

A

neurolemmocyte

33
Q

Satellite cells of ganglia

A

structural & metabolic support for neuronal cell bodies form a tight covering/layer over larger neuronal cell bodies of ganglia in the PNS

34
Q

Anaxonic neuron

A

No true axon, many dendrites

35
Q

Divisions of gray matter

A

Posterior dorsal horn Anterior ventral horn

36
Q

Posterior/dorsal horn

A

sensory receive sensory input from dorsal root ganglia

37
Q

Anterior/ventral horns

A

motor axons make up ventral roots of spinal nerves

38
Q

Central canal?

A

aka gray commissure joins the posterior and anterior horns

39
Q

What cells line the central canal?

A

Ependymal Cells

40
Q
A

Nissl bodies/ Rough ER

41
Q
A

Node of Ranvier

42
Q

A vs. B

A

Myelinated (B) vs unmyelinated (A) nerves

note the white, circular spaces where the fatty sheath surrounds the axon

43
Q
A

Neuronal cell body (A), glial cell body (B), axons (C)

44
Q
A

From Left to Right: Epineurium (far left and thick), Perineurium (Flattened nuclei, borders both sides of the white space), Endoneurium (outlines of little circles on the right)

45
Q

All other Neural information provided in the other neural flash cards

A

Hoo-Ah

MSK Week 2 (28 decks)

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