Neural Tissue Lab

Question 1

Other names for cell body

Answer 1

Perikaryon and soma

Question 2

Products of cell body RER

Answer 2

cytoskeletal elements transport and secretory proteins

Question 3

What type of neuron has a real abundance of Nissl bodies?

Answer 3

Motor

Question 4

In a neuron, where can we find golgi?

Answer 4

Cell body only

Question 5

In the neuron, where can we find mitochondria?

Answer 5

Anywhere

Question 6

Most commonl ocations for mitochondria?

Answer 6

Cell body and axon terminals

Question 7

What are neurofilaments?

Answer 7

Intermediate filaments in neurons

Question 8

How do we visualize neurofilaments?

Answer 8

when cross-linked w/certain fixatives, these retain silver stains well, visible with Light Microscope!

Question 9

What other pigments can we see in neurons?

Answer 9

Lipofuscin and others due to lysosomal digestion/aging because neurons are long-lived cells

Question 10

Terminal arborization?

Answer 10

Distal end of the axon

Question 11

Types of movement along an axon

Answer 11

Anterograde and retrograde

Question 12

Anterograde movement

Answer 12

Kinesin takes thing from cell body down to end of axon

Question 13

Retrograde movement

Answer 13

Synaptic terminal back to cell body via Dynein

Question 14

Glial CNS cells

Answer 14

Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes Microglial cells Ependymal cells

Question 15

Main function of oligodendrocytes

Answer 15

produce myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS, able to branch and ensheath parts of more than one axon! provide electrical insulation

Question 16

What is the predominant glial cell in the CNS white matter?

Answer 16

Oligodendrocyte

Question 17

Why is it called “White” matter?

Answer 17

High lipid concentration

Question 18

Main functions of Astrocytes

Answer 18

1. Structural and metabolic support of neurons 2. Contribute to BBB 3. Initiate/Aid repair processes

Question 19

How do Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support of neurons?

Answer 19

• guides developing neurons in the CNS - regulates extracellular ion concentrations, esp K+ buffering - regulates vasodilation - moves nutrients, wastes, etc b/w neurons and capillaries

Question 20

How do Astrocytes contribute to BBB?

Answer 20

• extensions called perivascular feet cover capillary endothelium - expanded processes form a barrier layer (glial limiting membrane) - lines the meninges @ the external CNS surface

Question 21

Types of astrocytes?

Answer 21

Fibrous Protoplasmic

Question 22

Fibrous astrocytes?

Answer 22

predominate in white matter, have relatively few but long processes

Question 23

Protoplasmic astrocytes?

Answer 23

Predominate in gray matter ave many but shorter, branched processes

Question 24

GFAP?

Answer 24

larger processes of all astrocytes reinforced with glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Common source of brain tumors

Question 25

Frequency of astrocytes vs. oligodendrocytes?

Answer 25

most numerous in the CNS. don’t confuse w/predominance of oligodendrocytes - they’re just the most prevalent in the white matter of the CNS

Question 26

Type of stain to see astrocytes

Answer 26

Cajal's. Blackens astrocytes

Question 27

Main function of microglial cells?

Answer 27

defense & immune-related activities (cytokine secretion)

Question 28

Histology oligodendrocytes

Answer 28

Oligodendrocytes have nuclei that are small, round and stained very densely

Question 29

Microglial cells on histology

Answer 29

The microglial cell bodies are thinner and usually elongated (they have short irregular processes that require special stains to identify)

Question 30

Where do we find ependymal cells?

Answer 30

line ventricles of the brain & the central canal of the spinal cord

Question 31

Structural features of ependymal cells

Answer 31

some cellular apices have cilia that facilitate CSF movement some have long microvilli (likely for absorption)

Question 32

Another name for a schwann cell?

Answer 32

neurolemmocyte

Question 33

Satellite cells of ganglia

Answer 33

structural & metabolic support for neuronal cell bodies form a tight covering/layer over larger neuronal cell bodies of ganglia in the PNS

Question 34

Anaxonic neuron

Answer 34

No true axon, many dendrites

Question 35

Divisions of gray matter

Answer 35

Posterior dorsal horn Anterior ventral horn

Question 36

Posterior/dorsal horn

Answer 36

sensory receive sensory input from dorsal root ganglia

Question 37

Anterior/ventral horns

Answer 37

motor axons make up ventral roots of spinal nerves

Question 38

Central canal?

Answer 38

aka gray commissure joins the posterior and anterior horns

Question 39

What cells line the central canal? 

Answer 39

Ependymal Cells

Question 40


Answer 40

Nissl bodies/ Rough ER

Question 41


Answer 41

Node of Ranvier

Question 42

A vs. B 

Answer 42

Myelinated (B) vs unmyelinated (A) nerves note the white, circular spaces where the fatty sheath surrounds the axon

Question 43


Answer 43

Neuronal cell body (A), glial cell body (B), axons (C)

Question 44


Answer 44

From Left to Right: Epineurium (far left and thick), Perineurium (Flattened nuclei, borders both sides of the white space), Endoneurium (outlines of little circles on the right)

Question 45

All other Neural information provided in the other neural flash cards

Answer 45

Hoo-Ah