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MSK Week 2 > 2.2.1. ANS > Flashcards

2.2.1. ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ANS do?

A

The ANS controls the body’s internal environment and the functions of organ systems in an involuntary fashion

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2
Q

What are the functional divisions of the ANS

A

Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Enteric

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3
Q

Where do we find splanchnic nerves?

A

Sacral spinal cord

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4
Q

Where do we find visceral ganglia?

A

In the organ they innervate

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5
Q

What nerves do we find in the brainstem?

A

Cranial nerves

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6
Q

What does the myenteric plexus control?

A

Peristalsis (coordination of the rhythmic contract-shorten-contract-shorten movement of the muscularis externa

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7
Q

Peristalsis?

A

rhythmic contract-shorten-contract-shorten movement of the muscularis externa (moves your bowels to squeeze stuff out of you :) )

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8
Q

What does the submucosalplexus control?

A

Muscularis mucosae and villi (shortening of villi and a squishing out of nutrients in the crypts and between villi)

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9
Q

Main neurotransmitters for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Catecholamines

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10
Q

Idea of the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Fight or flight response and homeostasis

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11
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System idea

A

The parasympathetic ANS regulates internal organs or glands and controls the ‘rest and digest’ and ‘feed and breed’ activates of the body when at rest.

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12
Q

Main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

acetylcholines

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13
Q

Neurotransmitters of the enteric ANS

A

Acetylcholine, serotonin and dopamine

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14
Q

What is another name for glia?

A

Schwann cells

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15
Q

Two functions of the PNS?

A
  1. Transmit signals from the CNS to peripheral tissues

2. Receive and transmit information from the environment to the CNS

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16
Q

Efferent neurons

A

transmits signals from CNS to peripheral tissues

17
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Receive and transmit information from the environment to the CNS

18
Q

Peripheral nerve infrastructure

A

-Axons and their supporting Schwann cells in peripheral nerve are held together by connective tissue and travel in bundles called fascicles

19
Q

Epineurium

A

connective bundle sheath that holds a collection of neurons together

20
Q

Perineurium

A

Surrounds a fascicle of nerve fibers. Must be rejoined in microsurgery for limb reattachment

21
Q

Endoneurium

A

Invests single nerve fiber layers; is a layer of delicate connective tissue around the myelin sheath of each myelinated nerve fiber

22
Q

Where are schwann cells in the CNS?

A

There aren’t any

23
Q

What do schwann cells do?

A

schwann cells produce the myelin and enwrap all large diameter axons (>1.0um).

24
Q

What embryonic layer do Schwann cells come from?

A

Neural crest

25
Q

What are the presynaptic neurpns of the brainstem?

A

Cranial nerves

26
Q

What are the presynaptic neurons of the organs?

A

Visceral ganglia

27
Q

What are the presynaptic neurons of the sacral spinal cord?

A

Splanchnic nerves

28
Q

Presynaptic neurons in the cervical and upper lumbar spinal cord?

A

Paravertebral ganglion

29
Q

What does the Enteric ANS control?

A

The submucosal plexus and the myenteric plexus

30
Q

What is a ganglia?

A

a cluster of sensory (e.g. dorsal root ganglia) or autonomic (sympathetic or parasympathetic) neuronal cells bodies

31
Q

Sensory receptors:

A
  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Pacinian Corpuscles
  3. Krausener’s Corpuscles
  4. Meissner’s Corpuscles
32
Q

Free nerve endings

A

pain

33
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Mechanoreceptor for pressure

34
Q

Krause?

A

Vibration for high frequency at the clitoris and penis

35
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Mechanoreceptor light touch (fingers and lips)

36
Q

Trace an example reflex arc from a meissner’s corpuscle.

A

meissner senses signal, then the signal travels down the sensory ganglion into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord via the dorsal root. Then, signal is sent via synaptic contact to the motor neuron which shares the same nerve as the sensory neuron

MSK Week 2 (28 decks)

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