Neumonías Flashcards

1
Q

Definición de neumonía:

A

Cuadro respiratorio de vías superiores e inferiores grave

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2
Q

Causas de las neumonías:

A
  1. Bacterias
  2. Virus = px pediatrico (atípicas)
  3. Hongos = inmunosuprimidos
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3
Q

Bacterias que suelen causar neumonías:

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Hib
  • M. catarrhalis
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4
Q

Px drogadicto IV con neumonía probablemente es por

A

S. aureus

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5
Q

Histopatología de Neumonía

A

Alveolos llenos de neutrófilos

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6
Q

Cuadro clínico de neumonía

A

Insepecífico

  • Fiebre
  • Dolor
  • Tos expectorante
  • Disnea y taquipnea
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7
Q

Datos de alarma:

A
  • Aleteo nasal
  • Tiraje intercostal

Cianosis

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8
Q

¿Qué bacteria puede provocar empiema?

A

S. aureus

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9
Q

Rx con cavitaciones apicales:

A

TB

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10
Q

Cavitaciones generalizadas y empiema:

A

S. aureus

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11
Q

Focos múltiples y progresión rápida:

A
  • L. pneumophila
  • S. aureus
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12
Q

Daño intersticial:

A
  • Virus
  • Pneumocystis jiroveci (VIH)
  • Mycoplasma
  • C. psittaci
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13
Q

Complicaciones generales de las pulmonías:

A
  • Atelectasia
  • Empiema
  • Meningitis
  • Artritis

Meningitis y artritis por diseminación hematógena

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14
Q

Orden de líneas de antibióticos para neumonías:

A
  1. Aminopenicilinas
  2. Cefalosporinas II G
  3. Tetraciclina
  4. Macrólidos
  5. Fluroquinotonas
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15
Q

Última opción de antibiótico en niños y por qué:

A

Macrólidos

Causan sordera

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