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Cells to Tissues > Nervous tissue histology > Flashcards

Nervous tissue histology Flashcards

1
Q

What originates from the Pacinian Corpuscle? What does it do?

A

The distal process of the dorsal root ganglion neuron. Relays signals from the CNS when pressure upon the skin mechanically stimulates the receptor.

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2
Q

What is the grey matter composed of?

A

Neurons and supporting cells

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3
Q

What is the white matter composed of?

A

Myelinated axons

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4
Q

What is the neuropil?

A

The region of grey matter between cell bodies composed principally of dendrites and axons.

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5
Q

What does the Nissl stain elucidate?

A

Neuronal cell bodies of grey matter

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6
Q

How do neuronal cell bodies appear on histology?

A

Round euchromatic nucleus and dark nucleolus

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7
Q

What are Nissl bodies?

A

Rough ER and free ribosomes in neuronal cytoplasm extending into the bases of dendrites.

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8
Q

What are interneurons?

A

Small neurons that exist solely in the CNS for interneuronal communication

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9
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Supporting cells responsible for elaborating myelin in the CNS. Can be found in white matter.

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10
Q

What cells make myelin in the periphery?

A

Schwann cells

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11
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

Fine reticular fibers that separate individual nerve fibers from one another.

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12
Q

What is a fascicle and what surrounds it?

A

A fascicle is a bundle of nerve fibers held together by a dense sheath called a perineurium.

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13
Q

What is the epineurium?

A

Connective tissue that loosely bundles together fascicles. This kind of bundle is what you’ll dissect in GA.

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14
Q

Describe nerve fibers in the parasympathetic ganglia.

A

Cell bodies are more irregular in shape
Soma usually smaller
Nerve fibers in the bundles between the ganglia are unmyelinated or thinly myelinated.

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15
Q

What cells do neural crest cells become during development?

A

Neurons, Schwann cells, and satellite cells of the PNS.

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16
Q

What is a major difference between CNS and PNS?

A

CNS lacks connective tissue

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17
Q

What is the perikaryon?

A

Rough ER, the cisternae of which are grouped and studded with polyribosomes. Labeled as Nissl bodies as the stain like basophilic clumps under LM.

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18
Q

Each node of Ranvier is associated with a _____ cell.

A

Schwann

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19
Q

What are dendritic spines? How do they vary?

A

Focal evaginations of the dendrite and serve as the main receptive structures for axon terminals. Neurons can have many (spinous), some (sparse), or none (aspinous).

20
Q

What exists in axonal cytoplasm?

A

Mitochondria, microtubules, neurofilaments NO RIBOSOMES OR RER!

21
Q

What part of a neuron contains neurotransmitters?

A

At ends: terminal boutons

Along the length: boutons en passant

22
Q

What % of neurons in the PNS are surrounded by Scwann cells in one form or another?

A

ALL!

23
Q

What are spinal nerves composed of?

A

Distal to the spinal cord dorsal and ventral roots merge forming “spinal nerves” and thus contain both sensory and motor nerves.

24
Q

Sympathetic ganglia are positioned close to the _______ (____________) whereas parasympathetic ganglia are located close to, or within, the _______.

A

spinal cord (paravertebral ganglia),

target structure

25
Q

What cells protect and encapsulate neuronal cell bodies in peripheral ganglia?

A

Modified Schwann cells called satellite cells

26
Q

Given the lack of connective tissue, how are cells in the CNS supported?

A

Astrocyte cells which contain bundles of intracellular intermediate filaments called glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).

27
Q

What are the primary immune cells of the PNS?

A

macrophages & mast cells

28
Q

What are the primary immune cells of the CNS?

A

Microglial cells, a phagoycte

29
Q

What cell organelles are in the terminal buttons?

A

SER and mitochondria

30
Q

In what region of the terminal button do synaptic vesicles line up?

A

Active zones

31
Q

What are the structures of the sarcolemma that make up the motor endplate?

A

Junctional folds

32
Q

Why is calcium critical to release of Ach?

A

Fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane is calcium-dependent.

33
Q

What is the anterograde reaction to a damaged or crushed peripheral nerve?

A

Entire neuron distal to the site of injury degenerates and is phagocytosed - “Wallerian degeneration”

34
Q

What is the retrograde reaction to a damaged or crushed peripheral nerve?

A

The axon degenerates back to the previous node and the cell body undergoes chromatolysis (i.e. swelling and breaking apart of Nissl bodies). The nucleus moves to the side/periphery (becomes eccentric)

35
Q

What is critical to connecting a severed nerve in the PNS?

A

Close proximity of ends, intact connective tissue

36
Q

What happens when a CNS nerve is damaged?

A

An astrocytic scar cordons off the area of injured neural tissue and isolates it from the rest of the brain.

37
Q

What is the black reaction of Golgi?

A

Figured out how to stain neuronal stains?

38
Q

What cell organelles do dendrites have?

A

Mitochondria, RER (larger ones at least), ribosomes

39
Q

What is a diagnostic feature of nervous tissue?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

40
Q

Where in the CNS do oligodendrocytes reside?

A

White matter

41
Q

In addition to providing support, what are some major functions of astrocytes?

A
  1. Maintain stable microenvironment for neurons (takes up ions and excess neurotransmitters)
  2. Metabolic support
  3. Covers most free surfaces of the brain
42
Q

How do astrocyte nuclei appear?

A

Small but euchromatic

43
Q

What are 3 characteristics of epineurium?

A
  1. Comprised of dense connective tissue
  2. Can contain adipose tissue
  3. Usually no coherent boundary with surrounding tissues
44
Q

What is the PNS version of astrocytes?

A

Satellite cell

45
Q

What cells survive macrophage eating?

A

Schwann cells

Cells to Tissues (23 decks)

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