Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Functional categories of neurons

A

Sensory, Interneurons, Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prominent organelles in neurons

A

RER, Golgi body, Euchromatin, large nucleolus, mitochondria, Nissl Bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Perikaryon

A

Cell body of a neuron, 5-135 µm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Only neurons that are replaced regularly in the body

A

olfactory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Axon cell structure

A

Can have myelin sheath, no nissl bodies, well-developed SER, microtubules & neurofilaments make up the cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Off of what structure does the axon arise from off of the perikaryon?

A

Axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anterograde flow

A

Uses kinesin to transport things from the perikaryon to the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Slow axonal transport

A

Moves tubular molecules, actin molecules, proteins (things that form neurofilaments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fast axon transport

A

Moves membrane-bound organelles (SER, synaptic vesicles, mitochondria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fast retrograde transport

A

Moves endocytosed things to the perikaryon, uses dynein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dendritic spines

A

Where synapses with axonal processes of other neurons are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are dendrites myelinated?

A

dendrites are NOT myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dendrite cell structure

A

Nissl bodies, tapered, branches profusely, rough surface, no myelin sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of neurons

A

Pseudounipolar, Bipolar, multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pseudopolar neurons

A

Primary sensory neurons, peripheral and central processes

Typically in dorsal root ganglia and cranial nerve ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peripheral processes of pseudounipolar neurons

A

Reaches into the sensory area and transmits its information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Central process of pseudounipolar neurons

A

Delivers info to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

sensory neurons to major sense organs

Have 2 processes: dendrite and axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Multipolar neurons

A

Most common type of neurons, both motor and interneurons

One axon and many dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Golgi type I cells

A

Long axon multipolar neurons

Large motor neurons in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Golgi type II cells

A

Short axon multipolar neurons

Smaller interneurons in the CNS

22
Q

What ion creates the negative cell membrane potential?

A

Na+

23
Q

How do excitatory chemical synapses affect the postsynaptic membrane?

A

depolarizes the membrane

24
Q

How do inhibitory chemical synapses affect the postsynaptic membrane?

A

hyperpolarize the membrane

25
Q

Presynaptic knob

A

Contains synaptic vesicles about 40-60nm in diamete w/ neurotransmitters, has Ca++ channels that initiate the movement of synaptic vesicles to the membrane

26
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Space between pre and postsynaptic membrane

27
Q

Postsynaptic membrane

A

Receptor sites for the neurotransmitters

28
Q

High-affinity reuptake

A

Extra neurotransmitters are endocytosed back into the presynaptic membrane

29
Q

Degradation of neurotransmitters

A

Enzymes breakdown neurotransmitters left in the synaptic cleft

30
Q

What treatment involving neurotransmitters has been shown to help with depression?

A

Inhibition of the enzyme that breaks down norepinephrine/ inhibition of high-affinity reuptake

31
Q

Motor-end plate

A

Neuromuscular junction that uses acetylcholine

32
Q

Junctional folds

A

In the sarcolemma of a muscle cells that contain the receptor sites for acetylcholine

33
Q

Curare toxin

A

Binds to acetylcholine receptor and acts as a muscle relaxant

34
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

Aka Botox, prevents the release of acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles, relaxes the muscle

35
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Antibodies attack the acetylcholine receptors, weakening the response to stimuli, characterized by extreme muscle weakness

36
Q

What area does the rabies virus affect?

A

The virus enters the CNS via synaptic terminals, causing serve inflammation, seizures, and death

37
Q

Peripheral Nervous System support cell types

A

Schwann cells and satellite cells

38
Q

Which cells form the myelin sheaths in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

39
Q

How do the action potentials travel in myelin?

A

Saltatory conduction

40
Q

What is present in high numbers in the nodes of Ranvier that perpetuate the action potential?

A

Na+ channels

41
Q

How are unmyelinated nerve fibers packed in the PNS?

A

Multiple nerve fibers surround one Schwann cell

42
Q

Where are satellite cells mainly found?

A

Ganglia of PNS surrounding individual cells

43
Q

What do satellite cells do for neurons?

A

Create microenvironments, provide electrical insulation/metabolic exchange necessary for neurons

44
Q

Neuroglia

A

Forms the intermediate filament cytoskeleton for the cells

45
Q

Astrocytes

A

Largest neuronal cell (8-10µm), supports the neuron/vascular structures of the CNS, gradual cytoplasm/large nuclei/numerous mitochondria, processes extend between neurons and blood vessels, forms the blood-brain barrier

46
Q

Types of astrocytes

A

Protoplasmic and Fibrous

47
Q

Protoplasmic astrocytes

A

Found in grey matter, have perivascular feet along blood capillaries

48
Q

Fibrous astrocytes

A

Have more prominent cytoskeletons, are primarily found in white matter

49
Q

Astrocytomas

A

Tumors from astrocytes, 20% of all brain tumors, 80% of tumors that originate in the brain

50
Q

Glial Scar

A

Formed by astrocytes after brain tissue damage has been done

51
Q

Oliodendrocysts

A

The most common neuroglia (6-8µm), Small nuclei/abundant SER/prominent Golgi, form myelin sheaths in the CNS

52
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Damage to CNS myelin sheaths via the immune system

Histology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions