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Histology > Connective tissue – Bone and Cartilage > Flashcards

Connective tissue – Bone and Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of cartilage

A

Mesenchyme during the 5th week of development

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2
Q

General features of cartilage

A

Avascular, poor ability for regeneration

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3
Q

Growth types of cartilage

A

Appositional (from the surface) and interstitial (from the inside)

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4
Q

Perichondrium

A

covers cartilage, made of dense irregular tissue

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5
Q

Cell types in cartilage

A

Chrondroblasts and chondrocytes

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6
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Cells close to the surface, appositional growth, secrete the matrix

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7
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Embedded chondroblasts that occupy the lacunae, produce/maintain the ECM, interstitial growth

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8
Q

Isogenous groups

A

Cell clusters of divided chrondrocytes

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9
Q

Main type of collagen found in cartilage

A

Type II collagen

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10
Q

What attaches chondrocytes to the cell matrix?

A

multi adhesive glycoproteins

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11
Q

Territorial matrix

A

area that surrounds the lacunae that is richer in GAGs

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12
Q

Interterritorial matrix

A

matrix in-between the lacunae, less intensely staining

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13
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

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14
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

well developed perichondrium, dense irregular tissue, ECM has no visible fibers, chondrocytes are often in isogenous groups

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15
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Well developed perichondrium, ECM has elastic fibers, chondrocytes are in large/distended lacunae

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16
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Hybrid b/t hyaline and dense irregular connective tissue, does NOT have a perichondrium, has BOTH type I&II collagen

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17
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Malignant proliferation of cartilage, wide age range with a slight male predominance

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18
Q

Compact bone

A

Outer ridge shell of bone

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19
Q

Spongy bone

A

spicules/trabeculae on the inner side of the bone

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20
Q

Marrow cavity

A

Reticular, hemopoietic connective tissue or adipose tissue

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21
Q

Periosteum

A

Dense irregular tissue that covers the external layer of bone, will have 2 layers of bone is actively growing (external-fibrous and internal-osteogenic)

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22
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

cells that form from the mesenchyme that will differentiate into osteoblasts

23
Q

Organic bone matrix

A

Type I collagen, little ground substances, has unique multiadhesive glycoproteins to bind matrix material

24
Q

Inorganic bone matrix

A

Most calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, Mg, Na, K

25
Q

Osteoblasts

A

principle bone-forming cells, only found at the boundary between bone and the adjacent tissue

26
Q

Osteocytes

A

Osteoblast that are trapped in the matrix, housed in lacunae, form canaliculi to connect the lacunae

27
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Large-multinucleated cells; reabsorb the bone

28
Q

Clear zone

A

Actin-rich area that osteoclasts attach to

29
Q

Ruffled border

A

part of the osteoclast in direct contact with the bone

30
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant proliferation of osteoblasts, 20% of primary bone cancers, high metastatic

31
Q

Osteoid osteoma

A

Small, benign tumor usually in the appendicular skeleton or spine that causes acute night pains

32
Q

Paget’s disease

A

Enlarged, deformed bones that are prone to fracture

33
Q

Primary (woven) bone

A

Immature type of bone laid down for bone repair

34
Q

Secondary (lamellar) bone

A

main structural unit is the osteon

35
Q

Haversian canal

A

Longitudinal canal with the neurovascular bundle

36
Q

Lamellae

A

Surrounds the canals concentrically

37
Q

Canaliculi

A

Connect the lacunae

38
Q

Lacunae

A

Houses the osteocytes between the lamellae

39
Q

Volkmann’s canal

A

Transverse canals with neurovascular bundles

40
Q

Interstitial lamellae

A

Remnants of the old Haversian system

41
Q

Types of ossification

A

Intramembranous and Endochondrial

42
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Bone formed directly from connective tissue

43
Q

Primary ossification center

A

Region of initial intramembranous ossification

44
Q

Endochondrial ossification definition

A

Replacement of cartilaginous tissue with bony tissue

45
Q

Endochondrial ossification steps

A

1) hyaline cartilage model forms 2)cartilage grows 3)cuff of bone formed around diaphysis 4)midregion of cartilage calcifies (lack of nutrients) 5)chondrocytes die 6) blood vessels/osteoprogenitors degenerate cartilage 7) osteoblasts secrete bone matrix 8)matrix replaces cartilage

46
Q

Primary ossification center for long bones

A

Diaphysis

47
Q

Secondary ossification center for long bones

A

Epiphyses

48
Q

Epiphyseal plate zones

A

Reserve cartilage, proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, ossification

49
Q

Epiphyseal plate zones: reserve cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage with chondrocytes

50
Q

Epiphyseal plate zones: Proliferation

A

rapid tissue growth, chondrocytes divide to form stacked cells parallel to the long axis of the bone

51
Q

Epiphyseal plate zones: Hypertrophy

A

Chondrocytes swell in size

52
Q

Epiphyseal plate zones: Calcification

A

Chondrocytes lost via apoptosis, matrix is calcified

53
Q

Epiphyseal plate zones: ossification

A

Osteoblasts synthesize bone tissue over the calcified cartilage

Histology (8 decks)

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