Muscle Tissue Part 1 Flashcards
Most important characteristics of muscles tissue
Contractility and Conductivity
What gives muscle tissue it’s ability to contract?
Actin, myosin, ATP
3 major types of muscle cells
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Characteristics of skeletal muscle
Attached to the skeleton, voluntary, cross-striations, used for locomotion/respirations. Quick acting but tire fast. Multi-nucleated.
Characteristics of Smooth muscle
Primarily in walls of internal organs. No striations. Involuntary
Characteristics of Cardiac muscle
Branching striated tissue. Found only in the heart. Involuntary.
Sarcolemma
Specialized plasma membranes of muscle tissue
Sarcoplasm
Cytoplasm of the muscle cell
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells
Origin of skeletal muscles
Myoblasts of the embryonic mesenchymal cells
Skeletal muscle fiber
Each fiber is a cell. Multinucleated syncytium
T-tubules
Long processes formed by the sarcolemma that carry the action potential deep into the sarcoplasm
Where are the nuclei of skeletal muscles found?
Peripheral and immediately deep to the sarcolemma
What does the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle contain?
Myofibrils, filamentous mitochondria, myoglobin, sarcoplasmic reticulum
Myofibrils
Contractile filaments are in the myofibrils that gives the striated appearance
Filamentous mitochondria
Lie between the myofibrils and close to the sarcolemma. Are the the source of ATP for myofibrils
Myoglobin
Oxygen-binding protein in skeletal muscle cells
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Specialized form of SER. Used for deposit of Ca. Releases Ca into the cytoplasm initiating muscle contraction
Thin filaments of muscle fiber
F-Actin, Tropomyosin, Troponin Complex
How are muscle fibers arranged?
Hexagonal array
F-Actin
Forms the double-stranded helical filament (is the polymerization of G-actin)
Tropomyosin
Forms filaments that lie in the groove between 2 actin monomers. Masks the myosin-binding sites on actin filament.
Troponin Complex
Attached to tropomyosin. Has Troponin T, I, C subunits
Troponin T
Binds to tropomyosin, anchoring the complex
Troponin I
Binds to actin
Troponin C
Binds to Ca (essential part of muscle contraction). Smallest subunit.
Thick filaments of muscle fiber
Myosin II
What does Myosin II consist of?
2 heavy chains: α-helices
2 globular heads: ATPase and motor activity
2 light chains: attach to heads
Where are the binding sites for ATP and actin?
Thick filament myosin II globular heads