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Histology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that grows continuously grows. Derived from ectoderm

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2
Q

Dermis

A

Connective tissue that provides support for the skin. Contains epidermal appendages, blood vessels, and nerves. Derived from mesoderm

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3
Q

Hypodermis

A

Variable amount of adipose tissue. Main function is insulation.

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4
Q

Principle cells of epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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5
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest layer of epidermis. Single layer of cells on the basement membrane. Contains mitotically active cells.

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6
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Link keratinocytes of stratum basale to basal lamina

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7
Q

Blistering diseases

A

Autoimmune reactions to hemidesmosomes

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8
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Several cells thick. Connected by desmosomes. Cells are generally spherical in shape.

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9
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Contains keratohyalin granules that stains intensely.

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10
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Contains most differentiated cells in the epidermis. Lost nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles.

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11
Q

Main functions of keratinocytes

A

Produce keratin and for water barrier.

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12
Q

2 unique structures found in keratinocytes

A

Keratohyalin granules and lamellar bodies

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13
Q

Main proteins in keratohyalin granules

A

Filaggrin and trichohyalin. Promote aggregation of keratin filaments into fibrils

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14
Q

Keratinization

A

Aggregation of keratin filaments into fibrils.

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15
Q

Lamellar bodies

A

Membrane-bound vesicles that contain a mixture of lipids (make the water barrier)

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16
Q

Where are squamous cell carcinomas derived from?

A

Stratum spinosum

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17
Q

Which layer is basal cell carcinoma derived from?

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

Melanocytes-function

A

Production and distribution of melanin

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19
Q

Melanocytes-cell structuree

A

Rounded cell body, numerous long processes. Not bound by desmosomes. Contain melanosomes.

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20
Q

Melanosomes

A

Granules of melanin

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21
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Malignant tumor of melanocytes

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22
Q

Langerhans’ cells

A

Monocyte-derived immune system cells in the epidermis. Antigen-presenting cells that illicit an immune response when pathogens enter the skin. “Gather” antigens then present them to lymph nodes, and thus lymphocytes.

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23
Q

Dendritic cell found in the epidermis not bound by desmosomes

A

Langerhans’ cells

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24
Q

Merkel’s cells

A

Mechanoreception. Make contact with sensory nerve fibers. Most abundant in the fingertips. Located in stratum basale (bound via desmosomes). Have dense-core granules in the cytoplasm.

25
Q

Junction between dermis and epidermis

A 
Rete Ridges (epideermis)
Dermal papillae (dermis)
26
Q

Layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

27
Q

Papillary layer of the dermis

A

Loose connective tissue. More superficial. Includes dermal papillae

28
Q

Reticular layer of dermis

A

Deep to papillary. More thick and less cellular. Dense irregular connective tissue.

29
Q

Capillary Loops

A

In the dermal papillae. Give skin the pink color.

30
Q

Superficial Vascular plexus

A

Found at the junction between the papillary and reticular layers

31
Q

Deep vascular plexus

A

Located at the cutaneous/subcutaneous junction

32
Q

Where are lymphatic capillaries usually found?

A

Dermal papillae

33
Q

Pilosebaceous apparatus

A

Hair follicles, hair and sebaceous glands

34
Q

Root of a hair

A

Part of the hair located in the follicle

35
Q

Shaft of hair

A

Any part that projects above the surface of the epidermis

36
Q

Innermost layer of hair

A

Medulla

37
Q

Layer of hair that contains live cells accumulating keratin

A

Cortex

38
Q

Outer most layer of hair consisting of dead squamous cells

A

Cuticle

39
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete? (General term)

A

Sebum

40
Q

Appearance of mature cells in sebaceous glands

A

Abundant SER, lipid droplets. Undergo apoptosis once released

41
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Smooth muscle at connects the deeper part of the follicle to the superficial dermis. Causes erection of hair. Innervated via sympathetic nervous system.

42
Q

Appearance of eccrine sweat glands

A

Simple coiled tubular glands. Not associated with hair follicle. Duct is lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium.

43
Q

What produces thee watery component of sweat?

A

Clear cells of eccrine sweat glands

44
Q

Appearance of dark eccrine sweat gland cells

A

Abundant RER and glycoprotein granules

45
Q

What secretes the proteinaceous component of sweat?

A

Dark cells of eccrine sweat glands

46
Q

What produces contractions that helps discharge sweat into ducts?

A

Myoepithelial cells

47
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Large-lumen tubular glands associated with hair follicles

48
Q

Which gland secretes pheromones?

A

Apocrine sweat glands

49
Q

Mammary glands

A

Modified apocrine sweat glands

50
Q

What initiates secretion in mammary glands?

A

Prolactin

51
Q

What stimulates ejection of milk from the breast?

A

Oxytocin

52
Q

What cells released oxytocin in mammary glands?

A

Myoepithelial cells between secretory cells and basal lamina.

53
Q

Branched tubuloalveolar glands

A

Make up each lobule of mammary glands (along with dense irregular connective tissue).

54
Q

Lactiferous sinuses

A

Ducts of the tubuloavleolar glands that are lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium

55
Q

What do inactive tubuloalveolar glands lack?

A

Secretory end-pieces

56
Q

What types of secretion are involved with the production of milk?

A

Merocrine and apocrine

57
Q

What part of the milk is synthesized via merocrine secretion?

A

The proteinaceous part

58
Q

What part of milk if formed via apocrine secretion?

A

Fatty component of milk

Histology (8 decks)

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