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Histology > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Location of epithelial tissue

A

_Exterior surface _lines intestinal cavities _Secretory portion of glands & ducts

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2
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

_Mainly has an exposed free surface _cells are close together and have strong adhesion _Avascular: get nutrients through diffusion

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3
Q

Apical Layer

A

_Touches the external aspect of the layer _Where secretory vesicles are located

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4
Q

Microvilli

A

_Core formed by actin filaments bound by actin binding proteins _Anchored by lateral anchoring proteins (myosin I) to villin

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5
Q

Villin

A

Amorphous apex that the actin filament are anchored to

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6
Q

Stereocilia

A

_Modified microvilli _Actin filament core _long (sometimes branching) projections _absorption in epididymus, sensory receptors in the cochlea

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7
Q

Cilia

A

_Move substances along the surface of the epithelium _Made up of axoneme and a basal body base

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8
Q

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

A

_Genetic defect causing malformation of cilia skeleton _Uncoordinated or absent cilia beating _Signs: Dextrocardia, impaired skull air sinuses, lack of mucus removal from lungs, infertility

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9
Q

Lateral Domain

A

Defined by the presence of cell junctions

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10
Q

Terminal bars

A

Junctional complexes visible with a microscope

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11
Q

Occluding cell junctions

A

_Typically apical portion of cell _ form sealing strands of transmembrane proteins of 2 adj cells _Typically in cells with secretory or absorption role

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12
Q

Zonula occludens

A

_Only type of occluding junction _Virtually impermeable

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13
Q

Anchoring cell junctions

A

_Provides mechanical strength and stability _Connects adj cells’ cytoskeletons

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14
Q

Adherens

A

_Anchoring junctions (Zonula & Macula)

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15
Q

Zonula adherens

A

_belt-like junction that connect actin filaments _Actin-binding proteins: vinculin & _-actinin _Catenin (peripheral protein) _ Transmembrane link protein (part of Cadherin family)

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16
Q

Cadherin Family

A

_Ca__ dependent protein that plays in important role in cell behavior control _Loss of protein associated with metastasis

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17
Q

Macula Adherens

A

_Aka desmosome _Connects intermediate filaments _provides mechanical strength, particularly in skin _Desmoplakin: the intercellular plaque that the filaments of thru _Cadherins: transmembrane proteins

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18
Q

Pemphigus

A

Autoimmune disease that attacks the desmosomes, preventing normal adhesion_causes blistering and skin falling apart

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19
Q

Gap Junctions

A

_Allow diffusion of small molecules and ions b/t cytoplasm of adj cells for communication _Intercellular channels: where diffusion occurs _Connexons: pair forms a channel _Connexins: protein subunit (6=1connexon) _Typically occur in patches

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20
Q

Basal Domain

A

_Faces the basement membrane _interacts with underlying tissue _Basement membrane + Anchoring junctions

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21
Q

Basement membrane

A

_Separates epithelium from underlying connective tissue _Basal lamina + Reticular lamina

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22
Q

Basal lamina

A

_Most external layer _Mostly collagen type IV and laminin

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23
Q

Reticular lamina

A

_Deeper layer _Mostly thin collagen fibers

24
Q

Basement membrane anchoring junctions

A

_Focal adhesions _Hemidesmosome

25
Q

Focal adhesions

A

_Attach actin cytoskeleton to extracellular matrix _ Actin-binding proteins (Vinculin, _-actinin) attach to MF _Peripheral protein (talin): actin-binding protein to transmembrane protein _Transmembrane protein (integrin family)

26
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

_Connects intermediate filaments _Desmoplakin: the intermediate plaque that attaches to the ends of the IFs _Transmembrane protein (integrin family)

27
Q

Simple squamous

A

Used as barrier, diffusion of oxygen/CO _Lining of vascular system, body cavities, parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule, alveoli

28
Q

Endothelium

A

_Special simple squamous _lines the inner blood vessel walls and the heart

29
Q

Mesothelium

A

_Special simple squamous _covers internal organs

30
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

_Barries (ducts), secretion (thyroid), absorption (kidney) _walls of ducts, kidney tubules, germinal epithelium of ovary, thyroid follicles

31
Q

Simple Columnar

A

_Non-ciliated: GI tract, gallbladder _Ciliated: oviduct lining _Can have striated(microvilli) border _Absorption, secretion, lubrication, transport

32
Q

Pseudostratified columnar

A

_Basal cells: rounded cells that do not reach the apical surface _Ciliated: found in respiratory tract _Non-ciliated: has stereocilia, found in epididymus (absorption)

33
Q

Stratified squamous

A

_Barrier _Keratinized: nucleus-lacking epithelial cells on apical side _Non-Keratinized: GI and vagina

34
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

_Barrier/conduit _sweat glands

35
Q

Stratified columnar

A

_barrier, conduit _Larger ducts of glands (parotid/submandibular salivary glands)

36
Q

Transitional

A

_aka urothelium _only found in urinary system _has ability to stretch and relax

37
Q

Endocrine

A

_product diffuses to the intercellular space/underlying connective tissue _No ducts

38
Q

Exocrine

A

Secrete into ducts/spaces lined with epithelium

39
Q

Unicellular glands

A

Individual secretory cells within non-secretory epithelium

40
Q

Multicellular glands

A

_Glands composed of more than one cell _Secretory + duct

41
Q

Alveolar/Acinar gland

A

Shaped like a flask

42
Q

Tubular gland

A

Shaped like a tube (often mucous)

43
Q

Tubuloalveolar gland

A

Tube with a flask-shaped dilation

44
Q

Myoepithelial gland

A

_Contractile cells with contractile proteins (myosin) _contract to expel secretions out of gland _Sweat, salivary, mammary gland

45
Q

Merocrine gland

A

_Membrane bound vesicles take substances to plasma membrane (exocytosis)

46
Q

Serous product

A

_Thin, watery, protein-rich secretion _Acini are more rounded in shape _Pancreas/parotid salivary gland

47
Q

Mucous product

A

_Made of mucins: long chains of negatively charged carbs attached to a protein core _Lubrication and protection _Acini typically tubular _Goblet cells, soft palate glands, Brunner’s gland

48
Q

Seromucous gland

A

_Both serous and mucous product _have mucous tubules capped with serous demilunes

49
Q

Apocrine

A

_Pinching of apical cytoplasm _Mammary glands

50
Q

Holocrine

A

_Whole cell goes through apoptosis to realize all contents _Sebaceous glands of the skin

51
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancer from barrier epithelium

52
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Cancer from glandular epithelium

53
Q

Goblet Cells

A

Unicellular mucous glands present in GI tract and trachea, pale granular cytoplasm/arrowhead-shaped nuclei

54
Q

Crypts of Lieberkühn

A

Simple, tubular glands that extend to the lumen

55
Q

Brunner’s gland

A

Branched tubular glands in the submucosa of the duodenum

Histology (8 decks)

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