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Cell Biology Exam 2 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 different types of cell bodies

A

angular, ovoid, and spherical

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2
Q

Cell body

A

contains nucleus and nucleolus, and most of cellular organelles. Is trophic metabolic center of cell

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3
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

most common type of neuron. Has a euchromatic nucleus. Cells are always active, forming proteins

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4
Q

Nissl

A

stacks of rER indicating high amount of protein synthesis

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5
Q

Neurofilaments

A

are contractile.

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6
Q

Microtubules

A

contribute to structural integrity. Act like bones of the cell

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7
Q

Axon hillock

A

proximal end of axon. Looks like a funnel. Contains neurofilaments and microtubules. Doesn’t have rER, so it stains pale

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8
Q

What does a multipolar neuron look like

A

almost clear nucleus
dark, prominent nucleolus
scattered nissl bodies in cytoplasm
blue paint splatter appearance

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9
Q

Substantia nigra

A

contains neuomelanin

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10
Q

Anterograde transport

A

Uses kinesin. Flow away from cell body

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11
Q

Retrograde transport

A

Uses dynein. Flow towards cell body. Viruses and toxins can use this pathway

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12
Q

Bipolar neuron

A

simplest. Associated with special sense of vision, hearing, balance, and olfaction

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13
Q

Pseudo-unipolar neurons

A

Neurons located in sensory ganglia (like trigeminal ganglion) Axon synapses in brainstem or spinal cord

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14
Q

Multipolar neuron

A

Most prominent type of nerves

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15
Q

Motor nervous

A

can be skeletal, or visceral or interneurons.

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16
Q

Dorsal horn

A

sensory

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17
Q

Lateral horn

A

autonomic/sympathetic

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18
Q

ventral horn

A

motor

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19
Q

Neuroglia

A

provide physical and physiological support. Packing material between neuron cell bodies

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20
Q

Astrocytes

A

have astrocytic feet that cover the surface of capillaries in the brain and spinal cord that have basal lamina on them

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21
Q

microglia

A

derived from monocytes. Acts as vacuum cleaner of CNS

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22
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

forms myelin

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23
Q

Astrocytoma

A

make up about 80% of adult brain tumors

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24
Q

Ependymal cells

A

type of glial cell that line ventricles and central canal of spinal cord and choroid plexus

25
Q

Ependymoma

A

tumor growing into the fourth ventricle. Compresses surrounding structures as it expands. Only 5% of primary brain tumors

26
Q

Can nerves divide/form tumors

A

no! but glial cells can

27
Q

Myelination in CNS is done by

A

oligodendrocytes

28
Q

Myelination in PNS is done by

A

Schwann Cells

29
Q

Myelin

A
  • lipprotein
  • has high lipid content
  • increases impulse conduction
  • insultaes neurons
30
Q

Myelination by Schwann cells

A

-Axons occupy groove on Schwann cell
-Cell starts to form jelly roll layers of membrane around axon.
Think of squeezing toothpaste out of the tube and wrapping the tube around a pencil

31
Q

Clefts of Schmidt-Lanterman

A

pockets of cytoplasm trapped between two cell membranes within the myelin sheath

32
Q

Endoneurium

A

delicate layer of loose connective tissue with collagen that surrounds axons

33
Q

Perineurium

A

surrounds bundle of axons

34
Q

Epinerium

A

dense collagenous connective tissue sleeve that surrounds nerve. Contains blood and lymph vessels

35
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

an autoimmune disease that is caused by oligoendrogliopathy

36
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

37
Q

PNS

A

nerves, plexuses, ganglion

38
Q

Gray matter

A

made up off cerebral cortex and nuclei

39
Q

White matter

A

lighter areas. Made of mylinated axons

40
Q

Where are cell bodies in PNS located

A

in the ganglia

41
Q

Where are cell bodies in the CNS located

A

nerves

42
Q

Voluntary nervous system

A

control voluntary movement

43
Q

Involuntary nervous system

A

autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

44
Q

Enteric division of autonomic nervous system

A

Controls peristalisis, gland secretions, blood flow through the GI

45
Q

Sympathetic

A

thoracolumbar outflow

46
Q

Parasympathetic

A

craniosacral outflow

47
Q

Synapse

A

connection for communication between neuron and something else

48
Q

Axosomatic synapse

A

junction between axon terminal and membrane of cell body of nerve cell

49
Q

Axodendritic synapse

A

(most common). Junction between axon terminal and dendrite of another nerve cell

50
Q

Axoaxonic

A

junction between axon terminal and another axon

51
Q

Eletrical synpases

A

not common in mamals
in cerebral cortex, brainstem, and retina
have gap junctions that allow electrical current to flow from one cell to another
very rapid impulse transmission

52
Q

Chemical synapses

A

most common type. Associated with neurotransmitter

53
Q

Where are neurotransmitters synthesized

A

mostly in neuron cell body, but some are in axon terminal

54
Q

Steps of impulse propagation

A

1) go down axon and sweep over membrane, changing membrane permeability
2) Ca++ ions pass into presynaptic terminal through voltage-gated channels
3) Ca++ causes synaptic vesicles to attach to inner surface of membrane and release neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft
4) Neurotransmitters diffuse across cleft and bind to receptors on postsynaptic membrane
5) Postsynaptic membrane is depolarized and nerve impulse is propagated down that neuron

55
Q

Kiss and run fusion

A

Vesicles briefly attach to membrane of presynaptic neuron, release part of contents into synaptic cleft, then move backwards into neuron and attach to nearby docking station

56
Q

Collapse fusion

A

vesicles attach to membrane, completely empty contents into synaptic cleft, vesicle membrane becomes part of presynaptic membrane, then vesicle membrane is pinched off neuron membrane back into cell

57
Q

Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

A
  • Made in choroid plexus
  • Flows from 2 lateral ventricles
  • 3rd ventricle
  • Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
  • 4th ventral
  • Central canal of spinal cord
58
Q

Anterograde changes to neuron

A
  • Distal segment of axon degenerates
  • Elimination of debris by phagocytic cells
  • Schwann Cells proliferate, form Schwann cell tubes along with their external lamina
59
Q

Retrograde reaction and regeneration

A
  • Cell body swells, Chromatolysis occurs
  • Protein synthesis occurs
  • Axon grows sprouts, Schwann cells guide axon growth toward target cell, growing axon grows into endoneurium

Cell Biology Exam 2 (9 decks)

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