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Cell Biology Exam 2 > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does bone contain

A

cells, vessels, nerve fibers, ECM, and fibers

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2
Q

Function of bone

A
  • storage depot for mineralize
  • Make blood cells
  • Supports
  • Protects
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3
Q

What is the result of pressure applied to bone

A

bone resorption (breakdown)

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4
Q

What is the result of tension applied to bone

A

bone deposition (addition)

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5
Q

Long bone components

A
  • Diaphysis (long cylindrical shaft)
  • Epiphysis (bulbous ends)
  • Medually cavity
  • Outer aspect (shell)
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6
Q

Epiphyseal (growth) plate

A

made up of hyaline cartilage

allows the long bone to grow in length

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7
Q

Periosteum

A

external connective tissue of bone

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8
Q

Endosteum

A

inner connective tissue of bone

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9
Q

Outer fibrous layer of active periosteum

A

protective and supportive. Contains fribroblasts. Forms collagen bundles, contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve fiber

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10
Q

Inner cellular layer of active periosteum

A

allows for bone growth on surface of bone
contains osteoprogenitor cells
Early stage, immature bone cells

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11
Q

Osteoid

A

soft, organic, non mineralized bone

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12
Q

Sharpey’s fibers

A

run perpendicular to longitudinal axis of bone. Anchor periosteium to underlying bone to keep it from peeling/sliding off

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13
Q

What do osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into

A

osteoblasts

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14
Q

Inorganic componetnts of bone matrix

A 
hydroxyapatite crystals (calcium phosphate) - man component
bicarb, citrate, Mg++, Na+,K+
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15
Q

Organic components of bone matrix

A

Mostly type I collagen
proteoglycans
glycoproteins
growth factors

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16
Q

Osteonectin

A

binds hydroxyapaptite crystals to collagen fibers

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17
Q

Sialoproteins and osteopontin

A

anchor bone cells to ECM

18
Q

osteocalcin

A

traps calcium ions from blood stream so that they can stay in bone matrix to mineralize bone

19
Q

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs)

A

stimulate mesenchymal cells to differentiate into osteoblasts to start laying down bone
Can use after surgery to promote bone growth

20
Q

Osteoblasts

A

synthesize bone

21
Q

Osteocytes

A

osteoblasts that migrate into the bone matrix and become completely surrounded by it

22
Q

Osteoclasts

A

derived from mononuclear hemopoietic progenitor cells

break down bone, involved in bone remodeling

23
Q

Bone spicule/traveculae

A

an island of bone

24
Q

What does the osteoid look like

A

a halo

25
Q

Chronic renal failure (CRF)

A

results in inadequate calcium and phosphate ions available to mineralize bone

26
Q

Haversian system

A

multiple concentric lamellae around one Haversian canal. Contains blood vessels, but not lymphatics

27
Q

Canaliculi

A

act as sipping straws for nutrients. Connect to other canaliculi. Point towards the Haversian canal

28
Q

How do metabolic waste products travel

A

backwards through canaliculi towards haverisian canal

29
Q

Ruffled border

A

located at the face of the matrix that’s to be broken down. Project into subosteoclastic space. Acts to reabsorb

30
Q

Clear zone

A

does not have major structures. Only real thing it has is actin microfilaments that form a ring around ruffle border. Acts as a plunger to help osteoclast surface adhere to underlying bone. Makes sure acidic contents of re absorption compartment don’t leak out

31
Q

Basolateral region

A

contains all the nuclei and organelles of osteoclast

32
Q

Comppact (Dense) bone

A

has no bubbles or spaces

33
Q

Canellous (spongy) bone

A

Has lots of holes, filled with marrow. Contains irregular bone lamellae.

34
Q

Primary bone

A

first bone formed by osteoblasts

Lines tooth sockets

35
Q

Secondary bone

A

lamallae are parallel

stronger, more mineralized

36
Q

Difference between Haversian system and Volkmann’s canal

A

Haversian system has concentric lamellae. Volkmann’s canal does not

37
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Hyaline cartilage damaged. Dis-figuration of hands. Causes pain

38
Q

Gouty Arthiritis

A

uric crystals accumulate in joints. Very painful

39
Q

Rickets

A

Not enough calcium and/or vitamin D to mineralize bone tissue. Bone matrix remains soft. Caused bow-leggedness

40
Q

Osteoprorosis

A

reduction of bone mass. Makes bone weak and prone to fractures

Cell Biology Exam 2 (9 decks)

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