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Cell Biology Exam 2 > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 types of muscle

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

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2
Q

Sarcomere

A

contractile unit of striated muscle. Expands from one Z disc to the next Z disc

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3
Q

G-actin

A

globular actin monomer. assembles to form a polymer that kinda looks like a string of beads

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4
Q

Filamentous actin

A

two polymers twisted together

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5
Q

Thin filaments

A

made up of actin and troponin

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6
Q

Tnt

A

attaches to tropomyosin

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7
Q

TnC

A

binds calcium ions during muscle contraction

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8
Q

TnI

A

attaches to actin monomer to block actin/myosin interation

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9
Q

Tropomyosin

A

consists of two polypeptide chains that come together to form an alpha helix.

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10
Q

Myofibril

A

sacromeres attached to one another to form a large cylindrical series

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11
Q

Vesiculus

A

msucel fibers come together to form these

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12
Q

A-band

A

Dark band. contains thick and thin filaments. bisected by H band

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13
Q

I band

A

contains only thin filaments

bisected by Z disc

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14
Q

H band

A

contains only thick filaments

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15
Q

Sarcomere accessory proteins

A

attach, space, and align myofilaments for an even, prcise and orderly arrangment. HOld think and thick filaments in place

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16
Q

Nebulin

A

nonelastic protein. 2 molecules hold thin filament in place

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17
Q

Titin

A

elastic protein. HOlds thick filament in place. Acts like an ianchor

18
Q

Myomesin and c prtein

A

hold thick filaments in place

19
Q

Endomysium (reticular fibers)

A

delicate layer of connective tissue. surrounds each muscle cell/fiber

20
Q

Perimysium Icollagenous CT)

A

surround each bunch/bundle of muscle cells

21
Q

Epimysium (collagenous CT, deep fascia)

A

surrounds many bundels

22
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

voluntary control.

23
Q

T-tubules

A

run peripendicular to longitudinal acis of cell. Open into extraceullular space. Lumen is continuous.

24
Q

Triad - at A-I of sarcomere

A

two terminal cisternae with a T-tubule. Contain calcium in lumen for muscle contraction

25
Q

Axon terminal branches

A

nerve branch has dilated structure closely attached to skeletal muscle cells/fibers

26
Q

Myoneural junction

A

point of contact between terminal and cell

27
Q

Presynaptic terminal

A

contains synaptic vesciles.

28
Q

Moto unit

A

nerve cell and all the muscle fibers it innervates

29
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies inferfere with muscle contraction. Specifically fucks with actylcholine

30
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A

affect striated muscle. Most common and most severe form.

31
Q

Purkinje Gibers

A

specialized cardiac muscle fibers. Relay electrical impulses to regular cardiac muscles to cause contractino. Located in endocardium

32
Q

Smooth muscle

A

No sacromere. No alternating light and dark bands. Cells packed very tightly, without extracellular space. Has euchromatic nucleus located in wider part of cell

33
Q

Smooth muscle cells

A

Has caveolae on interior surface of cell membrane to release Ca++ into cell fo rtraction. Pinocytotic vesciles located all along inner surface of smooth muscle membrane.

34
Q

Dense bodies

A

found in smooth muscle cells. Can either be anchored to inner surface of cell membrane or locacted at point of contact of myofilament bundles imbedded within the cytoplasm.

35
Q

What happens to nucleus when smooth muscle contracts

A

It curls

36
Q

How does nerve impulse spread in skeletal muscle

A

Sweep oer entire sarcolemma, comes to openings of T-tubules along sacrolemma surface. Spread deep into muscle. Changes permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

Myofibrils

A

found in cytoplasm. Made of sarcomeres

38
Q

How is Ca++ released

A

by terminal cisternae on myofibril surface

39
Q

What does Ca++ do

A

binds to TC subunit, changes confirmation of troponin. TnT bound to tropomyosin pushes tropmyosin filament deeper into groove on actin filament. Myosin biding site of actin monomer on the actin filament is exposed. This whole process requires ATP

40
Q

What happens during muscle contraction

A
  • Thick filaments pull on thin filaments and slide over them
  • Globular heads attach to thin filament actin sites and drag them to midline
  • Z-discs get closer to each other and closer to midline
  • The length of the thick and thin filaments stay the same.

Cell Biology Exam 2 (9 decks)

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