Eye 2 Flashcards
RPE, retinal pigment epithelium
close to Bruch’s membrane
heavily pigmented because the rods and cones and photsenstive
Releases metabolites from blood into retina
Tightly controlled region
cells here are phagocytic
Rods
low intensity (black, white, gray)
Cones
high intensity (color)
Photoreceptors
deepest layer of retina, rods and cones
Conducting neurons
go out towards the vitreous body
Bipolar cells
synapse with hyperpolarized rods and cones
depolarizes the bipolar cells which leads to the ganglion cells
Ganglion cells
most superfical layer of retina
Supporting (neuroglial) cells
packing material
Mullers
Microglial and Astocytes (clean up cells)
Association cells
modify the information that comes in and out of cells during hyperpolarization
10 layers of retina
Virteous body (inner limiting membrane) optic nerve fibers ganglion cell layer inner plexiform layer inner nuclear layer outer plexiform layer cell bodies of rods and cones (outer limiting membrane) photoreceptor layer pigment cells choroid
Optic Disc
where all ganglion cell axons are heading to form the optic nerve
no rods and cones
blind spot
Diabetic retinopathy
most common cause of blindness in developed countries
90% of diabetes develop DR w/in 20 years
Pathogenesis
fragility of blood vessels, leads to retinal bleeding, edema, neovasculation of retina and iris
Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
microaneurysms, intraretinal hemorrhages, retinal edema, venous bleeding
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
pre-retinal neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, neovascularization of iris
Age Realted Macular Degernation
very common
is a multifactorial disease
pathogenesis - development of drusen - macular edema - intra-retinal bleeding
Dry AMD
common type
breakdown of RPE cells
characterized by presence of drusen
no treatment
Drusen
lipid deposit near the macular and fovea centralis
Wet AMD
membrane under retina thickens and reaks, disrupts blood supply to macula
neovascularization occurs
treat with laser and anti-angiogensis drugs
3 parts of crystalline lens
lens capsule, subcapsular epithelium, lens fibers
Crystallins
protein in lens fibers
eventually take over cell and cell dies,
constantly adding lens
cataracts
avascular
nuclei die as they reach the mature lens fibers
Conjunctiva
from corneoscleral limbus to scelra than onto the internal surface of eyelid
papebral
on eyelid
secretion comes from goblet cells to keep eyelid from sticking to eyeball
bulbar
reflection of the palpebral onto the eyeball
tarsal muscle
sympathetic portion of the levator palpebrae superioris
disrupting sympathetics results in
droopy eyelid
Styes
come from secretion by the sebaceous glands
lacrimal gland innervated by
CN 7
