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Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system

A

Sensation
Integration
Response

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2
Q

What are the parts under the CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord
Wich is housed within the cranial and vertebral cavity

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3
Q

What are the parts under the PNS

A

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
Outside of boney protection

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4
Q

Cell capable of communication

A

Neuron

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5
Q

Cells that provide structure and support to neuron

A

Glial cell

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6
Q

What are the functional divisions of the nervous system

A

Sensory
Integration
Response

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7
Q

Sends information towards CNS

A

Sensory
Afferent neurons

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8
Q

Occurs in brain and spinal cord

A

Integration

Interneurons

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9
Q

Communicates with effectors

A

Response

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10
Q

Responsible for conscious perception and voluntary responses

Innervates the skeletal muscle

A

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

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11
Q

Responsible for involuntarily control of the body
Helps maintain homeostasis
Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscles and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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12
Q

Responsible for communication within the nervous system

A

Neuron

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13
Q

Houses organelles, nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum

A

Cell body

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14
Q

Receives signals from other neurons

A

Dendrites

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15
Q

Sends signals to ther neurons

Each neuron has one of these

A

Axon

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16
Q

Where does the axon begin

A

Axon hillock

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17
Q

Junctions where other neurons communicate with other cells

A

Synapses

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18
Q

What wraps the axon

A

Myelin

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19
Q

What does the gaps in myelin create

A

Neurofibril nodes

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20
Q

Allows a single neuron to communicate with multiple cells

A

Multiple axonal branches

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21
Q

Only one process from cell body that split into an axon and dendrites

Most sensory neurons

A

Unipolar neurons

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22
Q

Two process one dendrite and one axon extend from cell body

Sensory for smell and vision

A

Bipolar neuron

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23
Q

Many dendrites and one axon

Majority of neurons in the body

A

Multipolar neurons

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24
Q

3 functional classifications of neurons

A

Sensory neurons
Interneurons
Motor neurons

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25
Q

This functional classification of neuron

Collects and sends information to the CNS

A

Sensory neurons

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26
Q

Integrates and process information from sensory neurons

A

Interneurons

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27
Q

Communicates with effectors to make them perform an action

A

Motor neurons

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28
Q

What are the glial cells of the CNS

A

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

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29
Q

Glial cells of the PNS

A

Satellite cells and Schwann cells

30
Q

Regulates extracellular environment

Makes up the Blood brain barrier

A

Astrocytes

31
Q

Myelination in the CSF

A

Oligodendrocytes

32
Q

Immune defense and waste removal

33
Q

Produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Ependymal cells

34
Q

Regulates extracellular movements in the PNS

Cluster around cell bodies

A

Satellite cells

35
Q

Myelination of the PNS

A

Schwann (neurilemma) cells

36
Q

Insulates axon’s and allows for faster electrical signals

37
Q

Multiple process myelinate different areas

A

Oligodendrocytes

38
Q

Singular cells myelinate each section

A

Schwann cells

39
Q

Plays a key role in membrane potentials

A

Sodium/potassium pump

40
Q

What is the resting potential of a neuron

41
Q

What is the changes that cause the charge difference to decrease is called

A

Depolarizing

42
Q

What is the changes that cause the charge difference to increase is called

A

Hyperpolarizing

43
Q

Occurs when repolarization is followed by a return to a polarized state

A

Repolarization

44
Q

Opens and closes due to binding of a molecule

A

Ligand gated channels

45
Q

Opens and close in response to pressure

A

Mechanically gated channels

46
Q

Open and close in response to electrical potential

A

Voltage gated channels

47
Q

Always open or randomly open and close

No stimulus affects their activity

A

Leak channels

48
Q

Are small changes on resting membrane potential

Caused by mechanically gated and ligand gated membrane channels

A

Graded Potentials

49
Q

When smaller graded potentials are added together

50
Q

Graded potentials that occur in neuron that receive signals

A

Post synaptic potential (PSP)

51
Q

Moves membrane towards threshold
Depolarizes membrane

A

Excitatory (EPSP)

52
Q

Moves membrane away from threshold
Hyperpolarizes membrane

A

Inhibitory IPSP

53
Q

Graded potentials occuring at several different synapses over a short timeframe

A

Spatial summation

54
Q

Graded potentials occur at one synapse over a short timeframe

A

Temporal summation

55
Q

Begins at axon hillock and travels toward axon terminals

A

Action potential

56
Q

The period after an action potential is generated and before another can begin

A

Refractory periods

57
Q

No action potential is possible

A

Absolute refractory period

58
Q

Second action potential is possible with strong stimulus

A

Relative refractory period

59
Q

Propagation of an action potential down an unmyelinated axon is also called an

A

All or nothing event

60
Q

What are the factors of speed of action
Potential propagation

A

Myelination
Size of electrochemical gradient
Diameter of axons

61
Q

Areas where neurons communicate

62
Q

Release neurotransmitter

A

Chemical synapses

63
Q

Direct connections where ionsmove from one cell to another.

A

Electrical synapses

64
Q

Binds to receptors on post synaptic neuron

A

Neurotransmitter

65
Q

3 neurotransmitter eliminated by synapse by

A

Diffusion
Re uptake
Breakdown

66
Q

How many neurotransmitters does a neuron have?

67
Q

Categories of neurotransmitters

A

Cholinergic
Amino acids
Biogenic amines

68
Q

What is released by cholinergic cells

A

Acetylcholine

69
Q

Cholinergic neurotransmitters acts on 2 types of receptors

A

Nicotinic receptor
Muscarinic receptors

70
Q

Made from amino acids

Seratonine dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine
Used in treatment for depression and anxiety

A

Biogenic amine neurotransmitters

71
Q

Includes glutamate, GABA and glycine

Receptors are CL- channels that hyperpolarize membrane

A

Amino acid transmitter

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