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Appendicular Bone Flashcards

1
Q

The appendicular skeleton is composed of

A

Bones that attach to upper and lower limbs and bones that attach to the limbs of the axial skeleton

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2
Q

What are the bones found in the upper and lower limbs

A

Humerus
Ulna
Carpal bones
Bones of the hand

Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Taraal bones
Bones of the foot

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3
Q

What are the bones that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

A

Shoulder girdle - clavicle and scapula
Pelvic girdle - os coxae

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4
Q

When does appendicular skeleton develop

A

Before birth

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5
Q

Appendicular skeleton development continues to early adulthood and completes around what age?

A

25

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6
Q

Anchor the upper limb to the axial skeleton and facilitates movement of the upper limb

Serve as attachment sites for muscles that move shoulder and arm

A

Shoulder girdle

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7
Q

What bones compose the shoulder girdle

A

Clavicle and scapula

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8
Q

A loosely anchored S shape bone and known as the collar bone

A

Clavicle

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9
Q

The clavicle articulates medially with manubrium of sternum Wich forms what?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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10
Q

The clavicle articulates laterally with the acromion of scapula to form what?

A

The acromioclavicular joint

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11
Q

It is located in the posterior shoulder

A

Scapula

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12
Q

The glenoid cavity articulates with the humerus to form the

A

glenohumeral joint

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13
Q

The 3 borders of the scapula

A

Superior, medial and lateral borders

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14
Q

What are the bones found in the arm

A

Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpal bones
Metacarpal bones of the hands
Phalanges of the fingers

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15
Q

Multiple sites for muscles attachment and it’s distal ends form at the elbow

A

Humerus

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16
Q

What are the boney markings of the humerus

A

Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Greater and lesser tubercles
Intertubercular bicipital groove
Body(shaft) of the humerus
Medial and lateral epicondyles
Coronoid and radial fossa

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17
Q

It is the medial bone of antebrachial region and the proximal end resembles a C and allows hinge-like motion of the forearm

A

Ulna

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18
Q

Lateral bone of the antebrachial region Wich rotates around the ulna to allow pronation and supination of the forearm

A

Radius

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19
Q

Proximal row (lateral to medial) bones of the wrist(Carpals)

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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20
Q

bones of the wrist (Carpals)Distal row (lateral to medial)

A

Trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

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21
Q

How many metacarpals and phalanges are there in the hand

A

Five metacarpals
Fourteen phalanges

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22
Q

What bones form the pelvis

A

2 hip bones (coxae)
The sacrum
The coccyx

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23
Q

It is a largely immobile and weight lifting structure

A

Pelvis

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24
Q

The Os coxae is formed by these three bones

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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25
Q

It is anchored anteriorly by the pubic symphisis and is anchored posteriorly to the sacrum

A

Os coxae

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26
Q

It is a large fan shaped superior portion the os coxae and is a large muscle attachment sites that moves lower extremities

A

Ilium

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27
Q

It is the posterior portion of the Os coxae and is a large muscle attachment Site

A

Ischium

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28
Q

It is the anterior portion of the Os coxae

A

Pubis

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29
Q

Forms at fusion site of ilium, pubis and ischium

A

Acetabulum

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30
Q

Large openings filled with connective tissue that allows nerves to pass through and reach the anterior leg

A

Obturator foramen

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31
Q

Divides greater pelvis from lesser pelvis

A

Pelvic brim

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32
Q

Lies superior to lesser pelvis

A

Greater pelvis

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33
Q

The Greater pelvis contains mainly ______

A

Abdominal organs

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34
Q

Contains the bladder the rectum and reproductive organs

A

Lesser pelvis

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35
Q

Is the roof of the lesser pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet

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36
Q

Is the floor of the lesser pelvis

A

Pelvic outlet

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37
Q

What sex has a larger and heavier pelvis

A

Male

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38
Q

What sex has a pelvis that is wider, shallower and the pelvic inlet is oval and rounded

A

Female

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39
Q

What are the bones found in the leg

A

Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges of the foot

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40
Q

The longest and strongest bone in the body that is found in the thigh region

A

Femur

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41
Q

Medial and lateral condyles articulate to form a ________

A

Knee joint

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42
Q

It is the largest and the only sesamoid bone found in the body. It increases leverage power of thigh muscles

A

Patella

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43
Q

These bones are found in the lower leg

A

Tibia and fibula

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44
Q

It is the medial bone in the lower leg

A

Tibia

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45
Q

It is the lateral bone in the lower leg

A

Fibula

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46
Q

What are the proximal row of tarsals

A

Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular

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47
Q

What are the distal rows of tarsals

A

Cuboid
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform

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48
Q

These make up the arch of the foot and are numbered 1-5 starting at the medial side of the foot

A

Metatarsals

49
Q

How many phalanges are there in toes

50
Q

Only has proximal and distal phalanges

51
Q

Helps the bones of the foot distribute and absorb the force of impact

A

Arches of the foot

52
Q

What are the 3 arches of the foot

A

Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch

53
Q

Sites where bones and cartilage form a connection

Also known as an articulation or arthrosis

54
Q

This way to classify a joint is based on the structure that connects the articulating surfaces of bones

A

Structural

55
Q

This way to classify joints Is based on the amount of movement between articulating bones

A

Functional

56
Q

Joined by fibrous connective tissue

57
Q

Joined by cartilage like hyaline and fibrocartilage

A

Cartilaginous

58
Q

Joined within a fluid filled joint cavity and is the most common joint

59
Q

Little to no movement

A

Synarthrosis

60
Q

Slight movement

A

Amphiarthrosis

(Pubic symphisis, intervertebral discs)

61
Q

Significant movement

A

Diarthrosis

62
Q

Movement in one plane

A

Uniaxial
(Elbow)

63
Q

Movement in 2 planes

A

Bi axial

(Metacarpophalangeal joints)

64
Q

Movement in 3 or more planes

A

Multi axial

(Shoulder and hip joints)

65
Q

Possible movement for fibrous and cartilaginous joints

A

Synarthrosis and amphiarthroses

66
Q

Possible movement for synovial joints

A

Diarthrosis

67
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

68
Q

A convoluted shape that prevents movement between bones and this forms when bones completely ossify during childhood

69
Q

These are wide areas of connective tissue in newborn skulls

A

Fontanelles

70
Q

Joins 2 parallel bones using fibrous connective tissue (amphiarthroses (

A

Syndesmoses

71
Q

Anchors teeth to maxilla and mandible and it is made out of numerous short bands of dense connective tissue called periodontal ligamens (synarthrosis)

72
Q

Bones joined together by hyaline or fibrocartilage

A

Cartilaginous joints

73
Q

Joined by hyaline cartilage

A

Synchondrosis

74
Q

Joined by fibrocartilage

75
Q

Found in every long bone Early in life to allow increase in skeletal size

A

Synchondroses
(Epiphyseal plate,costal cartilage)

76
Q

Permits strong attachment while allowing limited movement

77
Q

3 cushioning strutures

A

Articular discs and menisci
Bursae and tendon sheaths
Fat Pads

78
Q

Both of them contain additional pockets of synovial fluid located outside the joint

A

Bursae and tendon sheaths

79
Q

Rounded portion of a bone enclosed in a ring

Allows rotation for 1 axis

Formed in C1 and C2

A

Pivot joint

80
Q

Convex end of one bone articulates with the concave end of another

Allows stretching along 1 axis

Elbow knee ankle and interphalangeal joints

A

Hinge joint

81
Q

Shallow depression at the end of one bone articulates with rounded structures from nearby bone or bones

Biaxial

Metacarpophalangeal joints

A

Condyloid joint

82
Q

Both articulating surface have a saddle shape

Biaxial

First carpometacarpal joint, sternoclavicular joint

A

Saddle joint

83
Q

Surface of these bones are flat and slide past each other during motion

Limited motion, but multiaxial joint

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Plane joint

84
Q

Rounded head of one bone fits into the bowl shaped socket of another

Great range of motion

Multiaxial

Hip and shoulder joint

A

Ball and socket joint

85
Q

Most common form of arthritis and is caused by degeneration of articular cartilage

A

Osteoarthritis

86
Q

Reduces the angle of the joint from resting position

87
Q

Returns joint to original resting position

88
Q

Increases joint angle by 180 degrees

A

Hyperextension

89
Q

Bending neck toward left or right side

A

Lateral flexion

90
Q

Moves fingers toes or thumb away from the midline

91
Q

Moves a limb finger or toes towards the midline

92
Q

It is the combination of flexion, adduction, extension and abduction at the joint and moves in a circular motion

A

Circumduction

93
Q

Twisting movement

94
Q

Moves anterior of a limb towards the midline

A

Medial rotation

95
Q

Moves anterior of a limb away from the midline

A

Lateral rotation

96
Q

Moves palm toward facing posteriorly

A

Supination

97
Q

Moves palm toward facing anteriory

98
Q

Moves top of foot toward anterior leg

A

Dorsiflexion

99
Q

Lifts heel away from the ground or points toes towards ground

A

Plantar flexion

100
Q

Bottom of foot towards the midline

101
Q

Movement that turns bottom foot away from midline

102
Q

Jaw is pushed forward

A

Protraction

103
Q

Returns jaw to resting position

A

Retraction

104
Q

Shoulders move forward

A

Protraction

105
Q

Scapula pulled posteriorly and medially

A

Retraction

106
Q

Downwards movement

A

Depression

107
Q

Upwards movement

108
Q

Move tip of thumb in contact with finger

A

Opposition

109
Q

Returns thumb to original anatomical position

A

Reposition

110
Q

Mandibular condyle articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Hinge joint

A

Temporomandibular joint

111
Q

Head of humerus articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

A

Shoulder joints

112
Q

Formed by the articulation of humerus, radius and ulna

A

Elbow joint

113
Q

Formed by articulating acetabulum

114
Q

Condyles of femur articulate with condyles of tibia

A

Knee and joint

115
Q

Forms walls of cavity

A

Articular capsule

116
Q

Hyaline cartilage at the ends of bones

A

Articular cartilage

117
Q

Synovial joints are classified as

A

Diarthrosis

118
Q

Strong bands of fibrous connective tissue

119
Q

Connective tissue that attacthes to muscle to bone

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