Axial Bone Flashcards
Forms the vertical Central axis of the body
The Axial skeleton
How many bones does the Axial skeleton have?
80
How many bones does the skull have
22
Surrounds and protects the brain.
Cranial bone
Consists of all the bones, cartilage and ligaments of the body
Skeletal system
What are the 4 main types of axial bones in the body
Skull
Vertebral column
Ribs
Sternum
Forms upper and lower extremities
Appendicular skeleton
How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton
126
List the 6 cranial bones
Frontal (1)
Parietal (2)
Occipital (1)
Temporal(2)
Spenoid(1)
Ethmoid(1)
List the 8 facial bones
Mandible (1)
Maxilla(2)
Lacrimal(2)
Nasal(2)
Palitine(2)
Zygomatic (2)
Inferior nasal conchae(2)
Vomer(1)
Cavities house softer structures like these 5 cavities
Cranial cavity
Orbitals
Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Forms the forehead and parts of cranium
Frontal bone
What are the boney markings of the frontal bone
Glabella
Superorbital margin
Superorbital foramen
Which cranial bone has no bony markings?
Parietal bone
Forms the posterior skull and posterior base of the cranial cavity.
Occipital bone
What are the boney markings of the occipital bone
External occipital protuberance
Superior nuchal line
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
Forms the lower lateral side of the skull
Temporal bones
What are the 7 boney markings of the temporal bone
Squamous portion
Zygomatic process
Mastoid process
External acoustic meatus
Mandibular fossa
Articular tubercle
Styloid process
Forms much of the base of central skull and part of temples
Sphenoid bone
What are the boney markings of the sphenoid bone
Greater and lesser wings
Stella turcica
Pituitary fossa
Medial and lateral pterygoid processes
This forms part of the orbit and nasal cavity
Ethmoid bone
What are the boney markings of the ethmoid bone
Perpendicular plate
Superior and middle nasal conchae
Crista galli
Cribiform plate
Olfactory foramina
This forms the lower jaw and it is the only moveable bone of the skull.
Mandible
What are the boney markings of the mandible
Body,ramus and angle
Coronoid and condualar processes
Mandibular notch
Mental foramina
Mental protuberance
Forms the upper jaw,most of the roof of the mouth, part of the orbit, the lateral base of the nose and it is also called the hard palate
Maxillary bone/Maxilla
What are the boney markings of the Maxillary bone
Alveolar process
Infraorbital foramen
Forms part of the orbit and they contain lacrimal glands that secrete tears
Lacrimal bones
Forms posterior portion of hard palate, Medial part of orbit and contributes to vertical section of nasal cavity
Palatine bone
It is also known as the cheekbones and forms much of the lateral part of the orbit
Zygomatic bone
What are the boney markings of the zygomatic bone
Temporal proccess
Zygomatic arch
Forms part of the nasal septum
Vomer
Forms any base (bridge and any lateral part of the nose
Nasal bones
Project into nasal cavity
Inferior nasal conchae
Project the eyeball and the muscles that move it.
The orbit
Project the eyeball and the muscles that move it.
The orbit
Is boarded by maxillae and nasal bones
Nasal cavity
Divides the nasal cavity and is formed by perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer and septal cartilage
Nasal Septum
Covered by mucous membranes and it is warm,filter and moistened inhaled air
Nasal conchae
Hollow air filled spaces found in frontal ,maxillary,sphenoid and ethmoid bones. while this connects to the nasal cavity and adds volume to the skull without adding any weight and adds resonance to voice
Paranasal sinuses
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinuses
Sphenoid sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Where are teeth embedded
Alveolar processes
What allows entry for nerves and blood vessels to the lower jaw
Mandibular (mental) foramen
What is formed by maxillae,mandible and Palatine bones
Oral cavity
Formed by palatine process of maxillae and horizontal plate of palatine bones
The Hard palate
Is formed by temporal process of zygomatic bone articulating with zygomatic process of temporal bone
Zygomatic arch
What is above the zygomatic arch ?
Temporal fossa
This unites the parietal and temporal bones
Squamous suture
What unites the parietal bones
Sagittal suture
Parietal bones and occipital bones are united by what?
Lamboid structure
Mostly occupied by the brain
Cranial cavity
The base of the skull is divided by these 3 fossa
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
Contains the Crista galli and cribiform plates
Anterior cranial fossa
Contains openings for blood vessels and nerves
Middle cranial fossa
Contains internal acoustic meatus, hypoglossal canal, jugular foramen
Posterior cranial fossa
Provides for passage of the optic nerve into the orbit
Optic canal
Passage for nerves to eyeball, associated muscles, and sensory nerves to forehead
Superior orbital fissure
Allows exit for major sensory nerves to face
Foramen rotundum/foramen ovale
Entry of blood supply Into cranial cavity
Foramen spinosum
Exit of nerve to muscles of the face
Stylomastoid foramen
Entry of blood supply to the brain
Carotid canal
No structures pass through here
Foramen lacerum
Allows passage of the nerves for hearing and equilibrium and the nerves that supply muscles to the face
Internal acoustic meatus
Allows passage of a nerve to the tounge
Hypoglossal canal
Allows passage of several nerves to the jugular vein
Jugular foramen
What unites the frontal and parietal bones
Coronal suture
Allows for rapid growth of brain during infancy, allows skull to change shape during birth
Fontanelles
Parietal or complete failure of the upper lip to fuse together
Cleft lip
Results from failure of the hard plate to fuse completely
Cleft palate
Is the premature fusion of the suture line that results in the abnormal growth of the skull and cranial deformity
Craniosynostosis
U shaped bone located in the superior part of the neck and does not articulate with other skull bones
Hyoid bone
Total vertebrae count plus the sacrum and the coccyx
24
Vertebrae count of the cervical curve and it’s orientation
(7) and posteriorly oriented
Vertebrae count of the thoracic curve and it’s orientation
(12) anteriorly oriented
Vertebrae count of lumbar curve and it’s orientation
(5) and posteriorly oriented
Fused Vertebrae count of the sacrococcygeal curve and it’s orientation
Sacral(5) coccygeal (4) total (9)
And anteriorly oriented
Excessive posterior curvature of thoracic region
Kyphosis
Excessive anterior curve of the lumbar region
Lordosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of vertebral column
Scoliosis
What are the 7 components of a typical vertebra
Vertebral body
Vertebral arch
Pedicles
Lamina
Vertebral foramen
Transverse spinous and articular process
Intervertebral foramen
Are between the bodies of each vertebrae
Intervertebral discs
These unite the vertebrae posteriorly
Superior and inferior articular processes
Allows spinal nerves to exit
Intervertebral foramen
-Small vertebral bodies
-Transverse foramina of vertebral arteries
-bifid spinous process
Cervical vertebrae
It is the atlas and allows the head to move in a yes motion
C1
It is the axis and allows the head to move in a no motion
C2
-Vertebral bodies increase in size as you descend the spinal column
-long downward angle spinous process
-articulates with ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
What articulates with rib tubercles
The transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae
Largest vertebral bodies and it is short blunt spinous processes
Lumbar vertebrae
Is a thick triangular shaped bone
Sacrum
Is formed by a fusion of 4 vertebrae
Coccyx
Anchors vertebrae to each other while cushioning it and allows movement
Intervertebral discs
The 2 fibrocartilage pads between vertebrae
Anulus fibrous
Nucleus pulposus
What are the parts of the sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Parts of the manubrium
Clavicular notch
Suprasternal notch
Joins to manubrium at sternal angle
Body
12 pairs of curved flat bones
Ribs
What are the boney features of the ribs?
Head,neck,body,tubercle,and angle of the rib
Costal groove
Costal cartilage attatches to sternum (1-7)
True ribs
Costal cartilage does not directly attach to the sternum (8-12)
False ribs
Does not have costal cartilage (11-12)
Floating ribs