Muscular System Flashcards
Point of attachment that does not move
Origin
Point of attachment that moves
Insertion
Principle muscle involved in an action
Prime mover
Assists prime mover in accomplishing a movement
Synergists
Ex. (Brachials and brachioradialis)
Stabilizes insertion points during movement
Fixators
Primarily responsible for an action
Also known as the prime mover
Agonist
Muscles that produces the opposite movement of the agonist
Antagonist
What are skeletal muscle names derived from
Greek and Latin root words
What are the easily observable characteristics of muscles
Shape
Size comparisons
Orientation of fibers
Number of origins
Action of muscle
Attachment location of
Grouping of muscle
Named for their resemblance of shape
Muscle shape
Muscles in a group are sometimes named for their size relative to other muscles in the group
Muscle size
Named for the region where they are located
Location
Orientation of the muscle fibers and fascicles is used to describe some muscles
Orientation of fibers
Number of origins a muscle has can differentiate can differentiate it from other nearby muscles
Number of origins
Named for the action the muscle achieves
Action
Attachment location can appear in a muscle name
-Origin is always first
Attachment
Some muscles exist in groups
Grouping
Scientific term for chewing
Mastification
What are the muscles that move the lower jaw?
Masseter
Temporalis
Pterygoid muscles
It is the Lateral muscle acting on the jaw
And mainly responsible for chewing
Responsible for elevation of the mandible
Masseter
It is the muscle just above the jaw and spanning over the lateral bones of the skull
Responsible for the retraction of the mandible
Temporalis
Deep facial muscle assisting in chewing
Prime mover
Side to side movement of the jaw opening and closing of the mouth
Medial Pterygoid/lateral pterygoid
This pterygoid’s insertion is the medial surface of the ramus and the angle of the mandible
Medial pterygoid
This pterygoid’s insertion is the joint capsule of the temporomandibular joint and the condyloid process of the mandible
Lateral Pterygoid
What are the muscles that move the head
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
A thick muscle that attaches the sternum, clavicle and the mastoid
Prime mover
Flexion of the head and neck
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscles of the neck that assist the sternocleidomastoid
Flexion of the neck
Scalenes
What are the muscles that move the humerus
Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
Formed by tendons of subscapulares,
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor
Gives structure and stability to the shoulder joint
Rotator cuff
What are the thigh muscles that move the femur, tibia and fibula
Medial compartment
Anterior compartment
Posterior compartment
Adducts the femur
Medial compartment
What are theuscles in the medial compartment
Adductor Longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus and gracilis
Flexes the thigh and extends the knee
Anterior compartment
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment
Quadriceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis,vastusmedialis,vastus intermedius
Extends the thigh and flexes the knees
Posterior compartment
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment
Hamstrings, semitendious, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
An arrangement of fascicles in skeletal muscle
Fascicle arrangement
Fascicles are arranged in same direction as long axis of muscle
Parallel
Parallel formation with large muscle belly in the middle and narrowing ends
Fusiform
Enlarge when muscles contract
Muscle bellies
Fascicles blend into tendon in center of muscle
Pennate
Prefixes that indicate number
Uni
Bi/di
Tri
Quad
Multi
What are the muscles of facial expression
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Occipitofrontalis
Buccinator
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Puckers the lips
Orbicularis Oris
Opens and closes the eyes
Orbicularis oculi
Moves the scalp and eyebrows
Occipitofrontalis
Compresses the cheek
Buccinator
Raising the corners of mouth
Zygomaticus major/minor
What are the muscles of the thorax
Diaphram
Intercostal muscles
External, internal and inermost
Depresses the central tendon to create more space in the thorax during inspiration
Diaphram
Elevates ribs during inspiration
External intercostalis
Depresses and draws ribs together during expiration
Internal intercostals
Assists the internal intercostals during expiration
Innermost intercoastals
What are the muscles that move the feet
Anterior compartment
Posterior compartment
Lateral compartment
Dorsiflexes the feet
Anterior compartment
Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot
Lateral compartment
Plantar flexion of the foot
Posterior compartment
