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Human Histology > Nervous tissue > Flashcards

Nervous tissue Flashcards

1
Q

It is responsible for the production and induction of electrical impulses.

A

Nervous tissue

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2
Q

It allows us to receive stimuli and process the information.

A

Nervous tissue

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3
Q

Composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum (brain) and the spinal cord.

[nervous tissue]

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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4
Q

All nervous tissue outside the CNS belongs to to this Nervous System. It is organized to form 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves and their associated ganglia.

[nervous tissue]

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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5
Q

Includes all neurons regardless of whether they are in the CNS or the PNS that are associated with skeletal muscle, skin, and
sense organs.

[nervous tissue]

A

Somatic Nervous Tissue (SNS)

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6
Q

Stimulates smooth and cardiac muscles, and
glands.

[nervous tissue]

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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7
Q

Responds to impending danger or stress.

[autonomic n.s]

A

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

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8
Q

Responsible for increase heartbeat and blood pressure, increase sweat production and dilation of pupils.

[autonomic n.s]

A

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

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9
Q

Sense of excitement and other physiological changes that occur in “fight or flight” situations.

[autonomic n.s]

A

[autonomic n.s]

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10
Q

Called upon resting and relaxing situations.

[autonomic n.s]

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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11
Q

Responsible for conservation of energy, decreasing heart rate, respiratory rate, decrease pH of blood, constriction of pupil.

[autonomic n.s]

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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12
Q

2 Types of Cells in the Nervous System

A
  1. Neurons/ Nerve Cell
  2. Neuroglial cells/ Glial cells
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13
Q

2 Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System

A
  1. Sympathetic Nervous System
  2. Parasympathetic Nervous System
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14
Q

4 Division of Nervous Tissue

A
  1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
  2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
  3. Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
  4. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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15
Q

The most complex system in the body, is formed by a network of many billion nerve cells ( neurons ), assisted by many more supporting cells called glial cells.

A

Nervous tissue

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16
Q

The functional unit in both the CNS and PNS.

A

Neurons

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17
Q

Most neurons consist of three main parts:

A
  1. cell body or perikaryon
  2. dendrites
  3. axon
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18
Q

Contains the nucleus and most of the cell’s organelles and serves as the synthetic or trophic center for the entire neuron.

[neuron parts]

A

Cell body or Perikaryon

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19
Q

The numerous elongated processes extending from the perikaryon and specialized to receive stimuli from other neurons at unique sites called synapses.

[neuron parts]

A

Dendrites

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20
Q

Single long process ending at synapses specialized to generate and conduct nerve impulses to other cells.

[neuron parts]

A

Axon

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21
Q

Support neuronal survival and activities.

A

Glial cells

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22
Q

Ten times more abundant in the mammalian brain than the neurons.

A

Glial cells

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23
Q

Like neurons, most of it develop from progenitor cells of the embryonic neural plate.

A

Glial cells

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24
Q

They are not capable of conducting and producing impulses.

A

Glial cells

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25
Q

Oligodendrocytes:

A

Glial cells: CNS

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26
Q

Produce the myelin sheaths around axons that provide the electrical insulation for neurons in the CNS.

A

Oligodendrocytes

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27
Q

The predominant glial cells in CNS white matter.

A

Oligodendrocytes

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28
Q

3 types of Glial Cells: CNS

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Fibrous Astrocytes
  3. Protoplasmic Astrocytes
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29
Q

Have a large number of radiating processes.

[glial cells: cna]

A

Astrocytes

30
Q

Unique to the CNS.

[glial cells: cna]

A

Astrocytes

31
Q

The most numerous glial cells of the CNS, as well as the most diverse structurally and functionally.

[glial cells: cna]

A

Astrocytes

32
Q

With relatively few, long processes.

[glial cells: cna]

A

Fibrous Astrocytes

33
Q

Typical in white matter.

[glial cells: cna]

A

Fibrous Astrocytes

34
Q

With many shorter, branched processes.

[glial cells: cna]

A

Protoplasmic Astrocytes

35
Q

Predominated in the gray matter.

[glial cells: cna]

A

Protoplasmic Astrocytes.

36
Q

Are columnar or cuboidal cells that line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord.

A

Ependymal cells

37
Q

Small cells with short irregular processes evenly distributed throughout gray and white matter.

A

Microglia

38
Q

It migrates through the neuropil, scanning the tissue for damaged cells and invading microorganisms.

A

Microglia

39
Q

Secrete a number of immunoregulatory cytokines and constitute the major mechanism of immune defense in the CNS.

A

Microglia

40
Q

Sometimes called “neurolemmocytes”, are found only in the PNS and differentiate from precursors in the neural crest.

A

Schwann cells

41
Q

Found in the spinal nerves.

A

Schwann cells

42
Q

Repair and production of Myelin Sheath in the PNS.

A

Schwann cells

43
Q

Repairs single axon only.

A

Schwann cells

44
Q

Also called as Stem Cells.

A

Satellite cells

45
Q

Found in the ganglionic neuron and supportive effect on these neurons, insulating, nourishing, and regulating their microenvironments.

A

Satellite cells

46
Q

Neuron has only one, but it can branch.

[parts of neuron]

A

Axon

47
Q

Extensively branching from the cell body.

[parts of neurons]

A

Dendrites

48
Q

Possess more than two processes (most abundant type).

[classification of neurons]

A

Multipolar neurons

49
Q

Numerous dendrites and one axon.

[classification of neurons]

A

Multipolar neurons

50
Q

Possess two processes.

[classification of neurons]

A

Bipolar neurons

51
Q

Rare neurons – found in some special sensory organs.

[classification of neurons]

A

Bipolar neurons

52
Q

Possess one single process.

[classification of neurons]

A

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons

53
Q

Sensory neurons in craniospinal ganglia.

[classification of neurons]

A

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron

54
Q

3 Classification of Neurons

A
  1. Multipolar
  2. Bipolar
  3. Unipolar
55
Q

3 types of Neurons

A
  1. Afferent
  2. Efferent
  3. Interneurons
56
Q

Transmit impulses toward the CNS; found in PNS. - sensory

[types of neurons]

A

Afferent Neurons

57
Q

Carry impulses away from the CNS to effector organs; found in CNS

[types of neurons]

A

Efferent Neurons

58
Q

Most efferent neurons are multipolar.

[types of neurons]

A

Efferent Neurons

59
Q

Most are multipolae and lie between afferent and efferent neurons.

[types of neurons]

A

Interneurons

60
Q

Usually only refers to supporting cells in the CNS, but can be used for PNS.

A

Neuroglia

61
Q

Most abundant glial cell type.

[types of glial cells]

A

Astrocytes

62
Q

Smallest and least abundant.

[types of glial cells]

A

Microglia

63
Q

Line the central cavity of the spinal cord and brain.

[types of glial cells]

A

Ependymal cells

64
Q

Have few branches.

[types of glial cells]

A

Oligodendrocytes

65
Q

Surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia (counterpart of astrocytes)

[supporting cells in PNS]

A

Satellite cells

66
Q

Surround axons in the PNS (counterpart of oligodendrocytes)

[supporting cells in PNS]

A

Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes)

67
Q

2 supporting cells in PNS

A
  1. Satellite cells
  2. Schwann cells
68
Q

3 Gray matter

A
  1. Cell bodies
  2. Dendrites
  3. Synapses
69
Q

1 White matter

A
  1. Axon (myelin)
70
Q

3 Neurofibrils

A
  1. Microfilaments
  2. Microtubules
  3. Intermediate filaments

Human Histology (8 decks)

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