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Human Histology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Largest single organ of the body.

A

Skin

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2
Q

Typically accounting for 15% to 20% of total body weight and, in adults, presenting 1.5 to 2m 2 of surface to the external environment.

A

Skin

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3
Q

The skin in composed of: [2]

A
  1. epidermis
  2. dermis
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4
Q

an epithelial layer of ectodermal origin.

[epi/dermis]

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

a layer of mesodermal connective tissue.

[epi/dermis]

A

Dermis

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6
Q

A stratified squamous keratinized epithelium composed of cells.

A

Keratinocytes

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7
Q

[5] Functions of skin

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensory
  3. Thermoregulatory
  4. Metabolic
  5. Sexual signaling
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8
Q

2 types of skin

A
  1. Thick skin
  2. Thin skin
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9
Q

Covers the palms and soles.

[types of skin]

A

Thick skin

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10
Q

400 to 1400 μm (1.4 mm).

[types of skin]

A

Thick skin

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11
Q

Covers the whole body except the palms and the soles.

[types of skin]

A

Think skin

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12
Q

Varies from 75 to 150 μm.

[types of skin]

A

Thin skin

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13
Q

[5] Layers of Epidermis

A
  1. Stratum basale / Stratum Germinativum / Basal layer
  2. Stratum spinosum / Spinous layer / Prickle Layer
  3. Stratum granulosum / Granular layer
  4. Stratum lucidum / Clear Layer
  5. Stratum corneum / Horny layer
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14
Q

[2] Layers of Dermis

A
  1. Papillary Layer
  2. Reticular Layer
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15
Q

[3] Types of hair

A
  1. Lanugo hair
  2. Vellus hair
  3. Terminal hair
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16
Q

Deepest, single layer of cuboidal to low columnar cells in contact with basement membrane.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum basale

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17
Q

Mitosis occurs here.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

Melanocytes and Merkel cells also present.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum basale

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19
Q

Thickest layer.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum spinosum

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20
Q

Consists of polyhedral cells with histologic appearance of many short “spines” or prickles at the cell surface.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum spinosum

21
Q

Several layers of keratinocytes all joined by desmosomes; Langerhans cells also present.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum spinosum

22
Q

3-5 layers of keratinocytes with distinct keratohyaline granules.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum ganulosum

23
Q

2-3 layers of anucleate, dead cells; seen only in thick skin.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum lucidum

24
Q

Most superficial layer .

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum corneum

25
Consists of 20-30 layers of dead, flattened, anucleate, keratin filled keratinocytes. [layers of epidermis]
Stratum corneum
26
Protects against friction and water loss. [layers of epidermis]
Stratum corneum
27
[3] parts of the hair.
1. cuticle 2. cortex 3. medulla
28
[3] Appendages of Skin
1. Cutaneous Sensory Receptors 2. Nails 3. Glands
29
Hard plates of keratin on the dorsal surface of each distal phalanx.
Nails
30
[5] Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
1. Free Nerve Endings 2. Basal Merkel Cells 3. Ruffini's Corpuscles 4. Meissner Corpuscles 5. Pacinian Corspuscle
31
detects pain and temperature extremes. [cutaneous sensory receptors]
Free Nerve Endings
32
mechanical receptor that responds to pressure and touch. [cutaneous sensory receptors]
Basal Merkel Cells
33
responds to sustain pressure. [cutaneous sensory receptors]
Raffini's Corpuscles
34
detects light touch. [cutaneous sensory receptors]
Meissner Corpuscles
35
detects pressure and firm touch. [cutaneous sensory receptors]
Pacinian Corpuscles
36
[2] Types of Glands
1. Sebaceous glands 2. Sweat glands
37
Simple, Branched alveolar glands, Holocrine gland. [glands]
Sebaceous glands
38
Numerous in the face, forehead, and scalp. [glands]
Sebaceous glands
39
Generally absent in hairless skin such as the palms and soles. [glands]
Sebaceous glands
40
Produce sebum by terminal differentiation of sebocytes. [glands]
Sebaceous glands
41
Coiled tubular glands. [glands]
Sweat glands
42
Produces sweat – thermoregulator. [glands]
Sweat glands
43
[2] Types of Sweat glands
1. Eccrine sweat glands 2. Apocrine sweat glands
44
Produce sweat that is mostly water onto the skin surface, where its evaporation provides an important mechanism for cooling the body. [sweat glands]
Eccrine sweat glands
45
Restricted to skin of the axillae and perineum, have much wider lumens than eccrine glands, develop after puberty, and secrete protein-rich sweat onto the hair of hair follicles. [sweat glands]
Apocrine sweat glands
46
superficial layer; epithelial coat. [epi/dermis]
Epidermis
47
Made up of connective tissue (innermost layer) [epi/dermis]
Dermis
48
Most numerous in palms and soles.
Merkel cells
49
Area of cell growth (white semicircle at base of nail).
Nails

Human Histology (19 decks)

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