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Human Histology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Largest single organ of the body.

A

Skin

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2
Q

Typically accounting for 15% to 20% of total body weight and, in adults, presenting 1.5 to 2m 2 of surface to the external environment.

A

Skin

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3
Q

The skin in composed of: [2]

A
  1. epidermis
  2. dermis
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4
Q

an epithelial layer of ectodermal origin.

[epi/dermis]

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

a layer of mesodermal connective tissue.

[epi/dermis]

A

Dermis

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6
Q

A stratified squamous keratinized epithelium composed of cells.

A

Keratinocytes

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7
Q

[5] Functions of skin

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensory
  3. Thermoregulatory
  4. Metabolic
  5. Sexual signaling
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8
Q

2 types of skin

A
  1. Thick skin
  2. Thin skin
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9
Q

Covers the palms and soles.

[types of skin]

A

Thick skin

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10
Q

400 to 1400 μm (1.4 mm).

[types of skin]

A

Thick skin

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11
Q

Covers the whole body except the palms and the soles.

[types of skin]

A

Think skin

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12
Q

Varies from 75 to 150 μm.

[types of skin]

A

Thin skin

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13
Q

[5] Layers of Epidermis

A
  1. Stratum basale / Stratum Germinativum / Basal layer
  2. Stratum spinosum / Spinous layer / Prickle Layer
  3. Stratum granulosum / Granular layer
  4. Stratum lucidum / Clear Layer
  5. Stratum corneum / Horny layer
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14
Q

[2] Layers of Dermis

A
  1. Papillary Layer
  2. Reticular Layer
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15
Q

[3] Types of hair

A
  1. Lanugo hair
  2. Vellus hair
  3. Terminal hair
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16
Q

Deepest, single layer of cuboidal to low columnar cells in contact with basement membrane.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum basale

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17
Q

Mitosis occurs here.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

Melanocytes and Merkel cells also present.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum basale

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19
Q

Thickest layer.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum spinosum

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20
Q

Consists of polyhedral cells with histologic appearance of many short “spines” or prickles at the cell surface.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum spinosum

21
Q

Several layers of keratinocytes all joined by desmosomes; Langerhans cells also present.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum spinosum

22
Q

3-5 layers of keratinocytes with distinct keratohyaline granules.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum ganulosum

23
Q

2-3 layers of anucleate, dead cells; seen only in thick skin.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum lucidum

24
Q

Most superficial layer .

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum corneum

25
Q

Consists of 20-30 layers of dead, flattened, anucleate, keratin filled keratinocytes.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum corneum

26
Q

Protects against friction and water loss.

[layers of epidermis]

A

Stratum corneum

27
Q

[3] parts of the hair.

A
  1. cuticle
  2. cortex
  3. medulla
28
Q

[3] Appendages of Skin

A
  1. Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
  2. Nails
  3. Glands
29
Q

Hard plates of keratin on the dorsal surface of each distal phalanx.

A

Nails

30
Q

[5] Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

A
  1. Free Nerve Endings
  2. Basal Merkel Cells
  3. Ruffini’s Corpuscles
  4. Meissner Corpuscles
  5. Pacinian Corspuscle
31
Q

detects pain and temperature extremes.

[cutaneous sensory receptors]

A

Free Nerve Endings

32
Q

mechanical receptor that responds to pressure and touch.

[cutaneous sensory receptors]

A

Basal Merkel Cells

33
Q

responds to sustain pressure.

[cutaneous sensory receptors]

A

Raffini’s Corpuscles

34
Q

detects light touch.

[cutaneous sensory receptors]

A

Meissner Corpuscles

35
Q

detects pressure and firm touch.

[cutaneous sensory receptors]

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

36
Q

[2] Types of Glands

A
  1. Sebaceous glands
  2. Sweat glands
37
Q

Simple, Branched alveolar glands, Holocrine gland.

[glands]

A

Sebaceous glands

38
Q

Numerous in the face, forehead, and scalp.

[glands]

A

Sebaceous glands

39
Q

Generally absent in hairless skin such as the palms and soles.

[glands]

A

Sebaceous glands

40
Q

Produce sebum by terminal differentiation of sebocytes.

[glands]

A

Sebaceous glands

41
Q

Coiled tubular glands.

[glands]

A

Sweat glands

42
Q

Produces sweat – thermoregulator.

[glands]

A

Sweat glands

43
Q

[2] Types of Sweat glands

A
  1. Eccrine sweat glands
  2. Apocrine sweat glands
44
Q

Produce sweat that is mostly water onto the skin surface, where its evaporation provides an important mechanism for cooling the body.

[sweat glands]

A

Eccrine sweat glands

45
Q

Restricted to skin of the axillae and perineum, have much wider lumens than eccrine glands, develop after puberty, and secrete protein-rich sweat onto the hair of hair follicles.

[sweat glands]

A

Apocrine sweat glands

46
Q

superficial layer; epithelial coat.

[epi/dermis]

A

Epidermis

47
Q

Made up of connective tissue (innermost
layer)

[epi/dermis]

A

Dermis

48
Q

Most numerous in palms and soles.

A

Merkel cells

49
Q

Area of cell growth (white semicircle at
base of nail).

A

Nails

Human Histology (19 decks)

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