Microscopy Flashcards
3 parts of a Compound Microscope
- Magnifying parts
- Illuminating parts
- Mechanical parts
2 parts of Magnifying parts
- Ocular lens
- Objectives
4 Objectives
- Scanner
- Low Power Objectives (10x)
- High Power Objectives (40x)
- Oil Immersion Objectives (100x)
3 parts of Illuminating Parts
- Light source
- Condenser
- Iris Diaphragm
3 parts of Mechanical Parts
1.Base
2. Arm
3. Stage
6 types of Microscope
- Bright-field Microscope
- Dark-field Microscope
- Fluorescence Microscope
- Phase Contrast Microscope
- Uv Microscope
- Electron Microscope
It supports the entire microscope.
Base
It supports the upper part of the microscope.
Arm
It holds the specimen place and allows navigations.
Stage (knobs,clips)
It allows the elevation of stage and assists or support focusing.
Course & Fine Focus Adjustment
It controls the amount of light.
Condenser
It controls the radius of the light beam.
Iris Diaphragm
background is light; specimen is dark (stains required)
(types of microscope)
Bright-field Microscope
background is dark; specimen is bright (urine, crystals, unstained)
(types of microscope)
Dark-field Microscope
background is dark; specimen is light or glowing; stains required
(types of microscope)
Fluorescence Microscope
uses polarize light
(types of microscope)
Phase-contrast Microscope
always colorless (scanning & transmission)
(types of microscope)
Electron Microscope
An instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye.
Microscope
The science of investigating small objects
using such an instrument is called microscopy.
Microscopy
first compound microscope (year)
1590
Light was refracted when it travels from one medium to another.
Huygen’s Wave Theory
He made the first recorded microscopic observation.
Robert Hooke
He observed single cell organism (microbes).
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
He compound microscope.
Galileo Galilei - 1609
Compound microscope made by whom.
John Cuff 1750
Absorbs light at a shorter wavelength (UV Light) and emits light at a longer one (visible light).
[types of microscope]
Fluorescence Microscope
Optical system to enhance the contrast of unstained bodies.
[types of microscope]
Dark-field microscope
It enables visualization of internal cellular components. (organelles).
[types of microscope]
Phase-contrast microscope
Produces high-contrast images of transparent specimens.
[types of microscope]
Phase-contrast microscope
“micron” means
small
“aim” means
scopose
1590 — They developed first microscopee.
Hans Janssen & Zacharias Janssen
1609 — He compound microscope
Galileo Galilei
1620 — developed a simple 2-lens ocular system that was chromatically corrected.
Christian Huygens
He discovered bacteria, free-living and parasitic microscopic protists, sperm cells, blood cells, microscopic nematodes etc.
1661 — Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
5 techniques tissue preparation
- Fixation
- Dehydration and Clearing
- Embedding
- Sectioning and Mounting
- Staining
The tissues are mechanically and biochemically stabilized in a fixative.
[techniques tissue preparation]
Fixation
The samples are immersed in multiple baths of progressively more concentrated ethanol to dehydrate the tissue, followed by a clearing agent such as, xylene or Histoclear.
[techniques tissue preparation]
Dehydration and Cleaning
During this 12 to 16 hour process, paraffin wax will replace the water: soft, moist tissues are turned into a hard paraffin block, which is then placed in a mould containing more molten wax (embedded) and allowed to cool and harden.
[techniques tissue preparation]
Embedding
The tissue is then sectioned into very thin (2 -8 micrometer) sections using a microtome
[techniques tissue preparation]
Sectioning & Mounting
To see the tissue under a microscope, the sections are stained with one or more pigments.
[techniques tissue preparation]
Staining
2 types of Staing
- Basophilic
- Acidophilic
nuclear components; hematoxylin.
[types of stain]
Basophilic
cytoplasmic components; eosin
[types of stain]
Acidophilic
