Bone and Cartilage Flashcards
Specialized CT consisting cells called.
Chondrocytes
3 types of Cartilage
- Elastic cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage
- Fibrous cartilage
Cells are closer together creating less intercellular space.
[cartilage]
Elastic cartilage
It is found in the external ear flaps and in parts of the larynx.
[cartilage]
Elastic cartilage
Chondrocytes usually in aggregates of 4-8 cells are lodged in lacunae.
[cartilage]
Hyaline cartilage
It has fewer cells than elastic cartilage; there’s more intercellular space.
[cartilage]
Hyaline cartilage
It is found in the nose, ears, trachea, parts of the larynx, and smaller respiratory tubes.
[cartilage]
Hyaline cartilage
It has the fewest cells so it has the most intercellular space.
[cartilage]
Fibrous cartilage
It is found in the spine and the menisci.
[cartilage]
Fibrous cartilage
It consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions. It owes its inflexibility and toughness to the former of these constituents, and its elasticity to the latte.
[cartilage]
Fibrous cartilage
The most highly specialized of CTs.
Bone tissue
Solid & rigid because its extracellular components are calcified.
Bone tissue
Composed of cells, extracellular fibers and ground substance or matrix.
Bone tissue
Dominant protein component of extracellular matrix is collagen (type 2).
[types of cartilage]
Hyaline cartilage
Translucent to bluish-white in life.
[types of cartilage]
Hyaline cartilage
High concentration of elastin fibers in extracellular matrix.
[types of cartlage]
Elastic cartilage
Ground substance - yellow in color (due to elastin content.
[types of cartilage]
Elastic Cartilage
An irregular, dense, fibrous tissue with thinly dispersed, encapsulated chondrocytes.
[types of cartilage]
Fibrous cartilage
A layer of chondroblasts can lay down matrix at the outer edge of a mass of growing cartilage.
Appositional growth
One of the hardest substances in the body.
Bone
Immature bone cells that synthesize and secrete the osteoid matrix that will calcify as the bones extracellular matrix.
[bone cell types]
Osteoblasts
Composed of glycoproteins and collagen.
Matrix
Are located on the surfaces of forming bone and are not yet embedded in the calcified extracellular (osteoid) matrix.
[bone cell types]
Osteoblasts
Mature bone cells - osteoblasts that have become embedded in calcified bone matrix.
[bone cell types]
Osteocytes
They reside in lacunae within the matrix.
[bone cell types]
Osteocytes
These are large multinucleate cells.
[bone cell types]
Osteoclasts
Important in maintaining calcium balance in the body - respond to calcitonin (secreted by
parafolllicular cells of thyroid/ultimobranchial bodies -lowers Ca++concentration in blood).
[bone cell types]
Osteoclasts
Direct formation of bone structure with no
cartilage template (e.g. flat bones of skull)
[modes of bone formation]
Intramembranous
Formed from cartilage template that is subsequently replaced by bone (e.g. vertebral column, long bones of limbs).
[modes of bone formation]
Endochondral
2 modes of Bone Formation
- Intramembranous
- Endochondral