Nervous Systems Flashcards
What does the sensory input do?
Conduction of signals from sensory receptors to integration centers
What are the three overlapping functions of the nervous system?
Sensory input, integration, motor output.
What is the function of integration
Information from stimulation of the sensory receptors is interpreted and associated with responses of the body
Where is integration carried out?
Central nervous system
What does motor output do?
Conducts signals from the integration center to effector cells that actually carry out the body’s responses to stimuli
Signals are conducted by what?
Nerves
Where is sensory input and motor output carried out?
Peripheral nervous system
Where does the spinal cord convey information from?
Brain to the PNS
What is a reflex?
The body’s automatic response to a stimulus
What do glial cells do?
Provide structure and insulate neurons
What do sensory neurons do?
Detect information from the outside world or internal body conditions
Sensory neurons are what type of neuron?
Afferent
What do motor neurons do?
Send signals away from CNS to elicit response
Motor neurons are what type of neurons
Efferent
What is the purpose of interneurons
Form connections between other neurons.
What type of nervous system do cnidarians have?
Nerve net
What is a nerve net system
Neurons connect to each other in a network, activate at the same time.
Echinoderms have what type of nervous system
Nerve ring around mouth connected to larger radial nerves extending to arms
How does the mouth and arms operate in Echinoderms?
Independently of each other
Planarians have what type of nervous system
Nerve cords that are connected by transverse nerves. Collection of neurons in head form cerebral ganglia
Annelids have what type of brain?
Rudimentary
Ventral nerve cords in Annelids have ganglia located where?
In each segment
The brains of insects is characterized by what?
Several subdivisions with different functions
What type of brain do simple mollusks have?
Pair of anterior ganglia with paired nerve cords
Advanced mollusks have what type of brain?
Well developed with subdivisions
Chordates have what two type of nervous systems
Central and peripheral
Myelinated axons grouped together to form tracts of
White matter
Neuronal cell bodies, dendrites and some unmyelinated axons form
Gray matter
What are the parts of the forebrain
Cerebrum and the diencephalon
The cerebrum is made up of
Cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei
The cerebrum contains what
The most advanced integrating centers. Learning, emotion, memory, perception.
What are the three parts of the diencephalon
Epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus
The epithalamus is made up of what
The pineal gland and cerebrospinal fluid
What is the function of the thalamus
Main input center for sensory information and main output center for motor information
What does the hypothalamus do?
Regulates homeostasis and basic survival behaviors such as feeding, fighting, flight, and reproducing. Circadian rhythm.
What is the function of the brain stem
Coordinates and conducts information between brain centers
What does the midbrain do
Contains centers for receipt and integration of sensory information and sends to forebrain.
What are the parts of the hindbrain
Pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum
What does the pons do?
Regulates breathing centers in the medulla
What are the functions of the medulla oblongata
Control breathing, cardiovascular activity, swallowing, vomiting, digestion and homeostatic processes.
The brain stem is made up of what two sections
Pons, medulla oblongata
What does the cerebellum do?
Controls movement and balance, helps learn and remember motor skills.
What is the frontal lobe responsible for
Conscious thought and social awareness
Parietal lobe is responsible for
Receives and interprets sensory input from visual pathways and somatic pathways.
What does the occipital lobe do?
Vision and color recognition
Temporal lobe does what
Language, hearing and some types of memory.
