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Biology > Chapter 25 Invertebrates > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Invertebrates Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

_________ is unique to animals.

A

Nervous and muscle tissue

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1
Q

Animals get their support from

A

Collagen and structural proteins

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2
Q

A blastocoel is the

A

Hollow inside of a blastula

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3
Q

Gastrulation is

A

The infolding of a blastocoel

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4
Q

Hox(homeovox) genes

A

Regulate the development of body form

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5
Q

Animals that do not have true tissue

A

Parazoa

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6
Q

Animals that have true tissues

A

Eumetazoa

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7
Q

Radial symmetric animals have __ germ layers

A
  1. Diploblastic. Endoderm and ectoderm
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8
Q

Bilateral animals have how many germ layers

A

Three. Triploblastic. Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm.

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9
Q

Platyhelminthes is an example of what type of body cavity

A

Acoelomates. No body cavity.

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10
Q

Phylum Nematoda is an example of what type of body cavity

A

Pseudocoelomates

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11
Q

Phylum Annelida is an example of what type of body cavity

A

Coelomates

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12
Q

The blastopore is the

A

Origin of the mouth and the anus

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13
Q

Ecdysozoans are known for

A

Shedding their exoskeletons

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14
Q

In protostomes, the ____ develops first from the blastopore

A

Mouth

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15
Q

Ecdysozoans and Lophotrochozoans are both types of

A

Protostomes

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16
Q

In deuterostomes, the ____ is produced first from the blastopore

A

Anus

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17
Q

Echinoderms and chordates are both examples of

A

Deuterostomates

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18
Q

Protostomates go through

A

Spiral cleavage, determinate development

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19
Q

Deuterostomates go through

A

Radial cleavage, indeterminate development

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20
Q

The first animals are known as

A

Ediacarans from the location they were discovered in.

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21
Q

The Paleozoic era lasted from

A

542-251 million years ago.

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22
Q

The most recent animal ancestor is the

A

Choanoflagellate

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23
Q

True tissue animals make up the

A

Largest group

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24
Q

Bilateria is the most

A

Diverse group

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25
Q

The only phylum belonging to the parazoans is

A

Porifera

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26
Q

Flagellated collar cells that line the inside of the spongocoel and phagocytose food particles

A

Choanocytes

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27
Q

Cribrostatin is found in

A

Sponges

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28
Q

Sponges are protected by

A

Spicules made up of calcium carbonate

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29
Q

Hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones and corals belong to the

A

Phylum Cnidaria

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30
Q

Cnidocytes function as

A

Defense cells, contain nematocysts.

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31
Q

The largest animals to use cilia belong to

A

Phylum Ctenophyta

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32
Q

Animals belonging to phylum Ctenophyta were the first

A

With complete digestion.

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33
Q

Comb jellies are an example of phylum

A

Ctenophyta

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34
Q

Class Scyphozoa is the

A

True jellies.

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35
Q

Animals belonging to class Cubozoa

A

Sea wasps, box jellies.

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36
Q

Examples of class Anthozoa

A

Sea anemone, sea fans, coral

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37
Q

Where do zoozanthellae live?

A

In coral

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38
Q

Colonial polyps belong to class

A

Hydrozoa

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39
Q

Members of phylum Rotifera reproduce by

A

Parthogenesis

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40
Q

Parthogenesis produces what from unfertilized eggs

A

Females. When there isn’t enough females.

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41
Q

Phylum Rotifera has what type of body cavity

A

Pseudocoelom

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42
Q

Phylum Rotifera has what type of digestive tract

A

Complete.

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43
Q

Phyla Bryozoa and Brachiopoda are Deuterostomates or protostomes?

A

Protostomes

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44
Q

Phyla Bryozoa and Brachiopoda go through what stage of development

A

Lophophore. Ciliary feeding device

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45
Q

How do phyla Bryozoa and Brachiopoda breathe?

A

Through their tentacles

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46
Q

In phylum mollusca, what does the mantle do

A

Produces shell, houses anus, gills, excretory pores

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47
Q

Why do mollusks belong to Lophotrochozoans?

A

Because they have trochophore larvae.

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48
Q

Do snails have separate genders?

A

No, they’re hermaphrodites.

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49
Q

Where are the gonads located in mollusks?

A

Visceral mass

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50
Q

What is the function of the radula in mollusks?

A

Tongue, or teeth. Accessing food.

51
Q

What is the meaning of the word polyplacophora?

A

Many plate bearer

52
Q

What is an example of class polyplacophora?

A

Chitons

53
Q

What are members of class Gastropoda?

A

Snails and slugs.

54
Q

What are members of class bivalvia?

A

Clams, oysters, scallops

55
Q

What are examples of class Cephalopoda?

A

Nautilus, octopus, squid

56
Q

How does a nautilus remain buoyant?

A

Gas exchange within the chambers of its shell

57
Q

What is the shell in squid and cuttlefish?

A

A pin or bone, formed by calcium carbonate.

58
Q

What type of circulatory system do Cephalopods have?

A

Closed circulatory system

59
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes is made up of

A

Flat worms.

60
Q

What type of body cavity do members of phylum Platyhelminthes have?

A

Acoelomates.

61
Q

How is circulation achieved in Platyhelminthes?

A

By diffusion.

62
Q

What function do protonephridia serve?

A

Primitive kidney function

63
Q

What is an example of class Turbellaria?

A

Planarians

64
Q

Fish flukes belong to what class?

A

Monogeneans

65
Q

Schistosomiasis is contracted by eating what?

A

Undercooked pork

66
Q

Flukes and schistosomes are members of what class?

A

Trematoda

67
Q

Tapeworms become attached by what body structure?

A

Scolex

68
Q

Tapeworms reproduce by breaking off what?

A

Proglottids

69
Q

An example of class cestoda is what?

A

Tapeworms

70
Q

Segmentation in Annelids allows for

A

Specialization of body regions

71
Q

Phylum Annelida has this type of body cavity

A

Coelomate.

72
Q

Annelids exhibit these types of development

A

Protostomate, Lophotrochozoan.

73
Q

How does the adaptation of a coelom benefit Annelids

A

Provides hydrostatic skeleton that promotes locomotion.

74
Q

What type of digestive system do Annelids have?

A

Complete

75
Q

What type of circulatory system do Annelids have?

A

Closed.

76
Q

Pair of excretory tubes with ciliated funnels that remove wastes from the blood through exterior pores.

A

Metanephridia

77
Q

What functions as a brain in Annelids?

A

Cerebral ganglia.

78
Q

Annelids can reproduce asexually by

A

Fragmentation, then regeneration.

79
Q

Sexually, Annelids are

A

Hermaphroditic.

80
Q

Earthworms and some aquatic Annelids belong to class

A

Oligochaeta

81
Q

Marine segmented worms belong to

A

Class Polychaeta

82
Q

Members of class Polychaeta exhibit what type of development

A

Lophophores. Anchor into substrate.

83
Q

Parapodia

A

Hairlike extensions, mainly in marine species. Some are toxic.

84
Q

Leeches belong to what class?

A

Hirudinea

85
Q

Ecdysozoans grow by

A

Shedding their exoskeleton.

86
Q

Members of phylum Nematoda grow by

A

Ecdysis.

87
Q

Members of phylum Nematoda develop what first from their blastocoels?

A

Mouth

88
Q

Nematodes are known as the

A

Round worms.

89
Q

What type of body cavity do nematodes have?

A

Pseudocoelom

90
Q

How are nutrients transported in phylum Nematoda

A

Fluids in the pseudocoelom

91
Q

Do nematodes have an incomplete or complete digestive tract?

A

Complete

92
Q

In nematodes, the circulatory system is

A

Absent.

93
Q

What are examples of nematodes

A

Pinworms and hook worms.

94
Q

The word Arthropoda means

A

Jointed feet.

95
Q

2 out of three organisms is an

A

Arthropod

96
Q

What substance makes up an Arthropod’s exoskeleton ?

A

Chitin

97
Q

Arthropods have what type of body cavity

A

True coelom. Coelomates.

98
Q

Arthropods are protostomates or Deuterostomates?

A

Protostomates

99
Q

Arthropods have what type of circulatory system?

A

Open. Hemolymph is propelled by the heart.

100
Q

Subphylum chelicerata are named for

A

Their chelicerae. Clawlike appendages.

101
Q

Class xiphosura belongs to what subphylum?

A

Chelicerata

102
Q

Horseshoe crabs belong to what class?

A

Xiphosura

103
Q

Class Arachnida belongs to what subphylum

A

Chelicerata

104
Q

What are examples of members of class Arachnida?

A

Scorpions, spiders, ticks, mites

105
Q

Arachnids are made up of what two main body sections

A

The prosome and the opistosoma.

106
Q

Subphylum myriapoda are identified by their

A

Jawlike mandibles, one pair of antennae, pair of compound eyes

107
Q

What subphylum does class Diplopoda belong to?

A

Myriapoda

108
Q

Class Chilopoda belongs to the subphylum

A

Myriapoda

109
Q

How many sets of legs do millipedes have per segment?

A

2 Diplopoda.

110
Q

How many pairs of legs per segment do centipedes have?

A

One. Chilopoda

111
Q

Subphylum Hexapoda consists of what class

A

Insecta.

112
Q

Name the subphyla in the phylum Arthropoda

A

Myriapoda, Hexapoda, chelicerata, Crustacea

113
Q

How many classes are in the subphylum Crustacea?

A

None

114
Q

Crustaceans’ exoskeleton is formed by

A

Calcium carbonate

115
Q

Clasping legs in crustaceans belong to what gender?

A

Males

116
Q

Phylum Echinodermata have what type of body cavity

A

Coelomates

117
Q

Echinoderms are the only invertebrates that are

A

Deuterostomes.

118
Q

Class Asteroidea contain

A

Sea stars. Starfish.

119
Q

What type of symmetry do members of class Asteroidea exhibit in their adult form?

A

Pentaradial

120
Q

Why are sea stars considered to be bilateral?

A

Because their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical.

121
Q

What class do brittle stars belong to?

A

Ophiuroidea

122
Q

What is a test?

A

A leftover shell

123
Q

Members of class Echinoidea are

A

Sea urchins and sand dollars.

124
Q

What does Crinoidea mean?

A

A lily

125
Q

Sea lilies and feather stars belong to what class?

A

Crinoidea

Biology (12 decks)

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