Chapter 25 Invertebrates Flashcards
_________ is unique to animals.
Nervous and muscle tissue
Animals get their support from
Collagen and structural proteins
A blastocoel is the
Hollow inside of a blastula
Gastrulation is
The infolding of a blastocoel
Hox(homeovox) genes
Regulate the development of body form
Animals that do not have true tissue
Parazoa
Animals that have true tissues
Eumetazoa
Radial symmetric animals have __ germ layers
- Diploblastic. Endoderm and ectoderm
Bilateral animals have how many germ layers
Three. Triploblastic. Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm.
Platyhelminthes is an example of what type of body cavity
Acoelomates. No body cavity.
Phylum Nematoda is an example of what type of body cavity
Pseudocoelomates
Phylum Annelida is an example of what type of body cavity
Coelomates
The blastopore is the
Origin of the mouth and the anus
Ecdysozoans are known for
Shedding their exoskeletons
In protostomes, the ____ develops first from the blastopore
Mouth
Ecdysozoans and Lophotrochozoans are both types of
Protostomes
In deuterostomes, the ____ is produced first from the blastopore
Anus
Echinoderms and chordates are both examples of
Deuterostomates
Protostomates go through
Spiral cleavage, determinate development
Deuterostomates go through
Radial cleavage, indeterminate development
The first animals are known as
Ediacarans from the location they were discovered in.
The Paleozoic era lasted from
542-251 million years ago.
The most recent animal ancestor is the
Choanoflagellate
True tissue animals make up the
Largest group
Bilateria is the most
Diverse group
The only phylum belonging to the parazoans is
Porifera
Flagellated collar cells that line the inside of the spongocoel and phagocytose food particles
Choanocytes
Cribrostatin is found in
Sponges
Sponges are protected by
Spicules made up of calcium carbonate
Hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones and corals belong to the
Phylum Cnidaria
Cnidocytes function as
Defense cells, contain nematocysts.
The largest animals to use cilia belong to
Phylum Ctenophyta
Animals belonging to phylum Ctenophyta were the first
With complete digestion.
Comb jellies are an example of phylum
Ctenophyta
Class Scyphozoa is the
True jellies.
Animals belonging to class Cubozoa
Sea wasps, box jellies.
Examples of class Anthozoa
Sea anemone, sea fans, coral
Where do zoozanthellae live?
In coral
Colonial polyps belong to class
Hydrozoa
Members of phylum Rotifera reproduce by
Parthogenesis
Parthogenesis produces what from unfertilized eggs
Females. When there isn’t enough females.
Phylum Rotifera has what type of body cavity
Pseudocoelom
Phylum Rotifera has what type of digestive tract
Complete.
Phyla Bryozoa and Brachiopoda are Deuterostomates or protostomes?
Protostomes
Phyla Bryozoa and Brachiopoda go through what stage of development
Lophophore. Ciliary feeding device
How do phyla Bryozoa and Brachiopoda breathe?
Through their tentacles
In phylum mollusca, what does the mantle do
Produces shell, houses anus, gills, excretory pores
Why do mollusks belong to Lophotrochozoans?
Because they have trochophore larvae.
Do snails have separate genders?
No, they’re hermaphrodites.
Where are the gonads located in mollusks?
Visceral mass
What is the function of the radula in mollusks?
Tongue, or teeth. Accessing food.
What is the meaning of the word polyplacophora?
Many plate bearer
What is an example of class polyplacophora?
Chitons
What are members of class Gastropoda?
Snails and slugs.
What are members of class bivalvia?
Clams, oysters, scallops
What are examples of class Cephalopoda?
Nautilus, octopus, squid
How does a nautilus remain buoyant?
Gas exchange within the chambers of its shell
What is the shell in squid and cuttlefish?
A pin or bone, formed by calcium carbonate.
What type of circulatory system do Cephalopods have?
Closed circulatory system
Phylum Platyhelminthes is made up of
Flat worms.
What type of body cavity do members of phylum Platyhelminthes have?
Acoelomates.
How is circulation achieved in Platyhelminthes?
By diffusion.
What function do protonephridia serve?
Primitive kidney function
What is an example of class Turbellaria?
Planarians
Fish flukes belong to what class?
Monogeneans
Schistosomiasis is contracted by eating what?
Undercooked pork
Flukes and schistosomes are members of what class?
Trematoda
Tapeworms become attached by what body structure?
Scolex
Tapeworms reproduce by breaking off what?
Proglottids
An example of class cestoda is what?
Tapeworms
Segmentation in Annelids allows for
Specialization of body regions
Phylum Annelida has this type of body cavity
Coelomate.
Annelids exhibit these types of development
Protostomate, Lophotrochozoan.
How does the adaptation of a coelom benefit Annelids
Provides hydrostatic skeleton that promotes locomotion.
What type of digestive system do Annelids have?
Complete
What type of circulatory system do Annelids have?
Closed.
Pair of excretory tubes with ciliated funnels that remove wastes from the blood through exterior pores.
Metanephridia
What functions as a brain in Annelids?
Cerebral ganglia.
Annelids can reproduce asexually by
Fragmentation, then regeneration.
Sexually, Annelids are
Hermaphroditic.
Earthworms and some aquatic Annelids belong to class
Oligochaeta
Marine segmented worms belong to
Class Polychaeta
Members of class Polychaeta exhibit what type of development
Lophophores. Anchor into substrate.
Parapodia
Hairlike extensions, mainly in marine species. Some are toxic.
Leeches belong to what class?
Hirudinea
Ecdysozoans grow by
Shedding their exoskeleton.
Members of phylum Nematoda grow by
Ecdysis.
Members of phylum Nematoda develop what first from their blastocoels?
Mouth
Nematodes are known as the
Round worms.
What type of body cavity do nematodes have?
Pseudocoelom
How are nutrients transported in phylum Nematoda
Fluids in the pseudocoelom
Do nematodes have an incomplete or complete digestive tract?
Complete
In nematodes, the circulatory system is
Absent.
What are examples of nematodes
Pinworms and hook worms.
The word Arthropoda means
Jointed feet.
2 out of three organisms is an
Arthropod
What substance makes up an Arthropod’s exoskeleton ?
Chitin
Arthropods have what type of body cavity
True coelom. Coelomates.
Arthropods are protostomates or Deuterostomates?
Protostomates
Arthropods have what type of circulatory system?
Open. Hemolymph is propelled by the heart.
Subphylum chelicerata are named for
Their chelicerae. Clawlike appendages.
Class xiphosura belongs to what subphylum?
Chelicerata
Horseshoe crabs belong to what class?
Xiphosura
Class Arachnida belongs to what subphylum
Chelicerata
What are examples of members of class Arachnida?
Scorpions, spiders, ticks, mites
Arachnids are made up of what two main body sections
The prosome and the opistosoma.
Subphylum myriapoda are identified by their
Jawlike mandibles, one pair of antennae, pair of compound eyes
What subphylum does class Diplopoda belong to?
Myriapoda
Class Chilopoda belongs to the subphylum
Myriapoda
How many sets of legs do millipedes have per segment?
2 Diplopoda.
How many pairs of legs per segment do centipedes have?
One. Chilopoda
Subphylum Hexapoda consists of what class
Insecta.
Name the subphyla in the phylum Arthropoda
Myriapoda, Hexapoda, chelicerata, Crustacea
How many classes are in the subphylum Crustacea?
None
Crustaceans’ exoskeleton is formed by
Calcium carbonate
Clasping legs in crustaceans belong to what gender?
Males
Phylum Echinodermata have what type of body cavity
Coelomates
Echinoderms are the only invertebrates that are
Deuterostomes.
Class Asteroidea contain
Sea stars. Starfish.
What type of symmetry do members of class Asteroidea exhibit in their adult form?
Pentaradial
Why are sea stars considered to be bilateral?
Because their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical.
What class do brittle stars belong to?
Ophiuroidea
What is a test?
A leftover shell
Members of class Echinoidea are
Sea urchins and sand dollars.
What does Crinoidea mean?
A lily
Sea lilies and feather stars belong to what class?
Crinoidea
