Chapter 22, Microorganisms: Archaea, Bacteria And Protists Flashcards
Bacteria has simpler cell walls with large amounts of peptidoglycan
Gram positive
Network of sugar polymers cross linked by polypeptides.
Peptidoglycan
Bacteria has more complex cell walls and less peptidoglycan. Outer membrane on the cell wall contains lipopolysaccharides, carbohydrates bonded to lipids
Gram negative
Lactobacillus is
Gram positive
Streptococci is
Gram positive
Bacillus is
Gram positive
Clostridium is
Gram positive
Listeria is
Gram positive
Salmonella is
Gram negative
E. Coil is
Gram negative
Hemophilus is
Gram negative
Helicobacter is
Gram negative.
Capsules aid in the production of
Biofilm
Tiny crystals of magnetite that respond to the earths magnetic field
Magnetosomes.
Prokaryotes’ chromosome is usually
Circular
Small rings of self replicating DNA found in some prokaryotes
Plasmids
Cells absorb and integrate fragments of DNA from their environment
Transformation
One cell directly transfers genes to another cell
Conjugation
Viruses transfer genes between prokaryotes using
Transduction
Found in aquatic filament out Cyanobacteria. Develop when winter approaches. Survive winter and produce new filaments in spring
Akinetes
Tough protein coat. Mostly gram negative, some gram positive
Endospore.
Photosynthetic organisms that harness light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2
Photoautotrophs
Oxidation is
Loss of electrons
Reduction is
Gain of electrons.
Need only CO2 as a carbon source but obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances rather than light
Chemolithoautotrophs
Use light to generate ATP but obtain their carbon in organic form. Restricted to certain aquatic prokaryotes
Photoheterotrophs
Must consume organic molecules for energy and carbon.
Chemoheterotrophs
