Nervous System part 2 + Sensory Flashcards
Epinephrine, Isoproterenol, and Norepinephrine are examples of what drug class
Adrenergic
In adrenergic drugs what are two things in the body that dilate
Bronchioles and Pupils
In adrenergic drugs what is one thing in the body that constricts
Peripheral blood vessels
Drug class that raises BP, P, and R
Adrenergic
Sympathomimetic drugs are also called
Adrenergic drugs
What are 5 side effects of adrenergic drugs
Tachycardia Palpitations Hypertension Nervousness glycosuria
Adrenergic is to _____ as Cholinergic is to ____
Adrenergic = fast Cholinergic = slow
What are the receptor sites in the Autonomic nervous system (Adrenergic)
Alpha and Beta
Drug class that slows down BP and P
Adrenergic Blockers
Propranolol, nadolol, atenolol, and metoprolol are all examples of what drug class
Adrenergic blockers
What are 5 side effects of Adrenergic Blockers
Hypotension Bradycardia Fatigue Depression Hypoglycemia
What happens to secretions in Cholinergic drugs
The increase in flow
Parasympathomimetic is also known as
Cholinergic
Drug class that increases perishable and bladder contractions, and muscle strength
Cholinergic drugs
Bethanechol, Neostigmine, Pilocarpine, Ambenonium, Carbachol, and Pyridostigmine are all examples of which drug class
Cholinergic drugs
Drug class that causes pupils to constrict and decreases intraocular pressure
Cholinergic drugs
What are 4 side effects of Cholinergic drugs
NVD, Sweating, Bradycardia, Decreased Respirations
Drug class that causes drying and decreased motility
Cholinergic blockers
What does cholinergic blockers do to pupils
Dilates
What does cholinergic blockers do to pulse
Increases pulse
Atropine, Scopolamine, Probanthine, Benztropine, and Ipratropium Bromide are all example of
Cholinergic blockers
What are 5 side effects of Cholinergic blockers
Dry mouth, Urinary retention, Constipation, blurred vision, confusion
Cholinergic drugs are similar to what kind of drugs
Adrenergic blockers
Cholinergic blockers can also be called
Dopaminergic drugs
What drug class is used as a last resort for cardiac arrest
Adrenergic drugs
Adrenergic drugs are commonly used with what kind of drug
local anesthetic
Why is an adrenergic drug used during eye examinations
because it dilates the pupils
What are two contraindications of Adrenergic drugs
Heart disease, glaucoma
Epinephrine is also known as
Adrenalin
Isoproterenol is also known as
Isuprel
Norepinephrine is also known as
Levophed
Beta Blockers and Sympatholytics are also known as
Adrenergic blockers
Adrenergic blockers are contraindicated in what 3 things
Asthma COPDDM
What are the two receptor sites in Cholinergic drug class use
Nicotinic Muscarinic
Should we use a cholinergic drug if there is a block in the urinary tract since it helps with urinary retention
NO
What drug is used for ophthalmic prep to treat glaucoma
Pilocarpine
Beta blocker used to tx. glaucoma
Betaxolol
What drug class can be used for Parkinsons disease
Cholinergic blockers
What are 5 contraindications of Cholinergic blocker drugs
Heart disease Hypertension Glaucoma GI/GU obstruction Overactive bladder
Why wont you use a cholinergic blocker for an overactive bladder
Because Cholinergic blockers decrease motility in GU
Deficiency of dopamine causes what disease
Parkinsons
Drug class that increases dopamine in the brain to relieve symptoms
Dopaminergics
The precursor to dopamine
Levodopa
A decarboxylase inhibitor that prevents levodopa change in the periphery
Carbidopa (Lodosyn)
Drug used as a Dopaminergic drug that allows for decreased need for levodopa which means less toxicity
Sinemet
Movement disturbance commonly a side effect of dopaminergic drug
Dyskinesia
What are two side effects we must tell patient that will be taking Amantadine (Symmetrel)
Nightmares Trouble sleeping
In the later stages of Amantadine what can be combined to help
Levodopa
Drug used to relieve rescue freezing from levodopa
Apomorphine
Drug class that increase dopamine in the brain, is a substitute/adjunct with levodopa
Ergot Alkaloids
Bromocriptine (Parlodel) is an example of a
Ergot Alkaloid
Drug class that acts directly on port synaptic dopamine receptors of nerve cells, Mimics the effect of dopamine in the brain
Dopamine receptor agonists
Pramipexole, Ropinirole are example of
Dopamine receptor agonists
Ropinirole (Requip) used as a Dopamine receptor agonists can also be used as for what syndrome
Restless leg syndrome
Drug class used in Newly diagnosed parkinson’s disease, inhibits Monoamine Oxidase from breaking down dopamine
MAO inhibitors
Selegiline, and Rasagiline are examples of what drug class
MAO inhibitors
What two drug classes block Acetylcholine in attempt to increase dopamine
Anticholinergics Antihistamines
Benztropine, Trihexyphenidyl, and Biperiden are examples of what drug class
Anticholinergics
Drug class that INACTIVATES dopamine used with levodopa and sinemet in attempt to prolong the effects of levodopa
Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors (COMT inhibitors)
Entacapone, Tolcapone, and Stalevo are examples of what drug class
COMT inhibitors
What side effect can we tell patients that will happen when they take COMT inhibitors
Discoloration of Urine Orange
What can we tell patients about the maximum time to benefit on anti-parkinson drugs
2-4 months
What should we tell patient to take with levodopa
Snack low in protein
What should patient avoid that is on Levodopa
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
What should be reported immediately with patients on Anti-parkinson drugs
Change in mental status
What can MAOI drugs cause if not taking correctly
Hypertensive crisis
How should MAOI drugs be separated
14 days
drug class that inhibits the enzyme that causes breakdown of acetylcholine
Cholinesterase inhibitor
Drug class used in mild to moderate dementia, associated with alzheimer disease
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, and Tacrine are all examples of which drug class
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Drug class used for moderate to severe dementia, (Alzheimer’s)
N-methyl-D’Aspartate Receptor Agonist
Memantine (Namenda) is an example of what drug class
N-methyl-D’Aspartate Receptor Agonist
What are 3 baselines that must be done before giving any Alzheimer’s medications
B/P in both arms, Weight, Liver profile
Alzheimer’s drugs should be taken with
Food
Tacrine administration is contraindicated in
liver and kidney disfunction
What 3 things should we notify HCP immediately for patients on Alzheimer’s drugs
Severe vomiting, Dehydration, and change in cognition
drugs used to treat glaucoma do what two things
decrease formation of aqueous humor and increases outflow of aqueous humor
Drug class that decreases formation of aqueous humor, and promotes excretion of NaHCO3
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
What are 3 side effects for Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Gastric ToxicityParesthesiaElectrolyte loss
What two things contraindicate Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Liver disease Lung disease
Acetazolamide is an example of what drug class and when should it be given
Carbonic Anhydrase InhibitorIn the morning
Mannitol (Osmitrol) is an example of what drug class
Osmotic Diuretic
What is the first drug class tx. of choice for open angle glaucoma
Beta-adrenergic blockers
Beta-adrenergic blockers commonly causes what 3 things
Changes in mood Depression Causes impotence
Drug class that is direct acting miotics that increases outflow of aqueous humor
Cholinergics
Latanoprost, Bimatoprost, and Travoprost are all examples of what drug class
Prostaglandin Analogues
Relaxes smooth muscle of ciliary body and iris, paralyzes accommodation
Anticholinergic / Cycloplegics drugs
Anticholinergic / Cycloplegics drugs can also be called
Mydriatics
What can we use as an antiseptic wash
Boric acid
Prostaglandin Analogues is contraindicated in what
pregnancy
Mydriatics can do what to the pupils
dilates
What is the trade name and drug class for Epinephrine
Adrenalin – Adrenergic
What is the trade name and drug class for Isoproterenol
Isuprel – Adrenergic
What is the trade name and drug class for Norepinephrine
Levophed – Adrenergic
What is the trade name and drug class for Propranolol
Inderal – Adrenergic Blocker
What is the trade name and drug class for Nadolol
Corgard – Adrenergic Blocker
What is the trade name and drug class for Atenolol
Tenormin – Adrenergic Blocker
What is the trade name and drug class for Metoprolol
Lopressor – Adrenergic Blocker
What is the trade name and drug class for Atropine
Atropine – Cholinergic Blocker
What is the trade name and drug class for Scopolamine
Scopolamine – Cholinergic Blocker
What is the trade name and drug class for Probanthine
Probathine – Cholinergic Blocker
What is the trade name and drug class for Benztropine
Cogentin – Cholinergic Blocker
What is the trade name and drug class for Ipratropium Bromide
Atrovent – Cholinergic Blocker
What is the trade name and drug class for Bethanechol
Urecholine – Cholinergic
What is the trade name and drug class for Neostigmine
Prostigmine – Cholinergic
What is the trade name and drug class for Pilocarpine ophthalmic drops
Carpine – Cholinergic
What is the trade name and drug class for Ambenonium
Mytelase – Cholinergic
What is the trade name and drug class for Carbachol
Miostat – Cholinergic
What is the trade name and drug class for Pyridostigmine
Mestinon – Cholinergic
The receptor located in the blood vessels, g.i. system, uterus, and eyes
Alpha 1
The receptor located in the Nerve endings and Platelets
Alpha 2
The receptor located in the Heart
Beta 1
The receptor located in the Adipose tissue, bronchioles, arterioles, g.i. tract, liver, urinary bladder, and pregnant uterus
Beta 2
Drug class that blocks acetylcholine
Cholinergic Blockers
When levodopa is converted to dopamine outside the brain it can’t cross the “_____________”
blood brain barrier
involuntary muscle twitching in dyskinesia is called
Choreiform
spasms of tongue, jaw, eye, and neck in dyskinesia is called
Dystonia
When should Donepezil be given
hour of sleep w/ food
Memantine should be given during what stage of Parkinson’s, why, and what drug is it usually combined with
Early stage to slow progression, combined with Aricept
Anticholinergics are used in opened angle glaucoma and is contraindicated in
narrow angle glaucoma