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Felder 3rd semester > Nervous System part 2 + Sensory > Flashcards

Nervous System part 2 + Sensory Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine, Isoproterenol, and Norepinephrine are examples of what drug class

A

Adrenergic

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2
Q

In adrenergic drugs what are two things in the body that dilate

A

Bronchioles and Pupils

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3
Q

In adrenergic drugs what is one thing in the body that constricts

A

Peripheral blood vessels

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4
Q

Drug class that raises BP, P, and R

A

Adrenergic

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5
Q

Sympathomimetic drugs are also called

A

Adrenergic drugs

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6
Q

What are 5 side effects of adrenergic drugs

A

Tachycardia Palpitations Hypertension Nervousness glycosuria

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7
Q

Adrenergic is to _____ as Cholinergic is to ____

A

Adrenergic = fast Cholinergic = slow

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8
Q

What are the receptor sites in the Autonomic nervous system (Adrenergic)

A

Alpha and Beta

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9
Q

Drug class that slows down BP and P

A

Adrenergic Blockers

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10
Q

Propranolol, nadolol, atenolol, and metoprolol are all examples of what drug class

A

Adrenergic blockers

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11
Q

What are 5 side effects of Adrenergic Blockers

A

Hypotension Bradycardia Fatigue Depression Hypoglycemia

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12
Q

What happens to secretions in Cholinergic drugs

A

The increase in flow

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13
Q

Parasympathomimetic is also known as

A

Cholinergic

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14
Q

Drug class that increases perishable and bladder contractions, and muscle strength

A

Cholinergic drugs

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15
Q

Bethanechol, Neostigmine, Pilocarpine, Ambenonium, Carbachol, and Pyridostigmine are all examples of which drug class

A

Cholinergic drugs

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16
Q

Drug class that causes pupils to constrict and decreases intraocular pressure

A

Cholinergic drugs

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17
Q

What are 4 side effects of Cholinergic drugs

A

NVD, Sweating, Bradycardia, Decreased Respirations

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18
Q

Drug class that causes drying and decreased motility

A

Cholinergic blockers

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19
Q

What does cholinergic blockers do to pupils

A

Dilates

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20
Q

What does cholinergic blockers do to pulse

A

Increases pulse

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21
Q

Atropine, Scopolamine, Probanthine, Benztropine, and Ipratropium Bromide are all example of

A

Cholinergic blockers

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22
Q

What are 5 side effects of Cholinergic blockers

A

Dry mouth, Urinary retention, Constipation, blurred vision, confusion

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23
Q

Cholinergic drugs are similar to what kind of drugs

A

Adrenergic blockers

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24
Q

Cholinergic blockers can also be called

A

Dopaminergic drugs

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25
Q

What drug class is used as a last resort for cardiac arrest

A

Adrenergic drugs

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26
Q

Adrenergic drugs are commonly used with what kind of drug

A

local anesthetic

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27
Q

Why is an adrenergic drug used during eye examinations

A

because it dilates the pupils

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28
Q

What are two contraindications of Adrenergic drugs

A

Heart disease, glaucoma

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29
Q

Epinephrine is also known as

A

Adrenalin

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30
Q

Isoproterenol is also known as

A

Isuprel

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31
Q

Norepinephrine is also known as

A

Levophed

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32
Q

Beta Blockers and Sympatholytics are also known as

A

Adrenergic blockers

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33
Q

Adrenergic blockers are contraindicated in what 3 things

A

Asthma COPDDM

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34
Q

What are the two receptor sites in Cholinergic drug class use

A

Nicotinic Muscarinic

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35
Q

Should we use a cholinergic drug if there is a block in the urinary tract since it helps with urinary retention

A

NO

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36
Q

What drug is used for ophthalmic prep to treat glaucoma

A

Pilocarpine

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37
Q

Beta blocker used to tx. glaucoma

A

Betaxolol

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38
Q

What drug class can be used for Parkinsons disease

A

Cholinergic blockers

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39
Q

What are 5 contraindications of Cholinergic blocker drugs

A

Heart disease Hypertension Glaucoma GI/GU obstruction Overactive bladder

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40
Q

Why wont you use a cholinergic blocker for an overactive bladder

A

Because Cholinergic blockers decrease motility in GU

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41
Q

Deficiency of dopamine causes what disease

A

Parkinsons

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42
Q

Drug class that increases dopamine in the brain to relieve symptoms

A

Dopaminergics

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43
Q

The precursor to dopamine

A

Levodopa

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44
Q

A decarboxylase inhibitor that prevents levodopa change in the periphery

A

Carbidopa (Lodosyn)

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45
Q

Drug used as a Dopaminergic drug that allows for decreased need for levodopa which means less toxicity

A

Sinemet

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46
Q

Movement disturbance commonly a side effect of dopaminergic drug

A

Dyskinesia

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47
Q

What are two side effects we must tell patient that will be taking Amantadine (Symmetrel)

A

Nightmares Trouble sleeping

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48
Q

In the later stages of Amantadine what can be combined to help

A

Levodopa

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49
Q

Drug used to relieve rescue freezing from levodopa

A

Apomorphine

50
Q

Drug class that increase dopamine in the brain, is a substitute/adjunct with levodopa

A

Ergot Alkaloids

51
Q

Bromocriptine (Parlodel) is an example of a

A

Ergot Alkaloid

52
Q

Drug class that acts directly on port synaptic dopamine receptors of nerve cells, Mimics the effect of dopamine in the brain

A

Dopamine receptor agonists

53
Q

Pramipexole, Ropinirole are example of

A

Dopamine receptor agonists

54
Q

Ropinirole (Requip) used as a Dopamine receptor agonists can also be used as for what syndrome

A

Restless leg syndrome

55
Q

Drug class used in Newly diagnosed parkinson’s disease, inhibits Monoamine Oxidase from breaking down dopamine

A

MAO inhibitors

56
Q

Selegiline, and Rasagiline are examples of what drug class

A

MAO inhibitors

57
Q

What two drug classes block Acetylcholine in attempt to increase dopamine

A

Anticholinergics Antihistamines

58
Q

Benztropine, Trihexyphenidyl, and Biperiden are examples of what drug class

A

Anticholinergics

59
Q

Drug class that INACTIVATES dopamine used with levodopa and sinemet in attempt to prolong the effects of levodopa

A

Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors (COMT inhibitors)

60
Q

Entacapone, Tolcapone, and Stalevo are examples of what drug class

A

COMT inhibitors

61
Q

What side effect can we tell patients that will happen when they take COMT inhibitors

A

Discoloration of Urine Orange

62
Q

What can we tell patients about the maximum time to benefit on anti-parkinson drugs

A

2-4 months

63
Q

What should we tell patient to take with levodopa

A

Snack low in protein

64
Q

What should patient avoid that is on Levodopa

A

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

65
Q

What should be reported immediately with patients on Anti-parkinson drugs

A

Change in mental status

66
Q

What can MAOI drugs cause if not taking correctly

A

Hypertensive crisis

67
Q

How should MAOI drugs be separated

A

14 days

68
Q

drug class that inhibits the enzyme that causes breakdown of acetylcholine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

69
Q

Drug class used in mild to moderate dementia, associated with alzheimer disease

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

70
Q

Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, and Tacrine are all examples of which drug class

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

71
Q

Drug class used for moderate to severe dementia, (Alzheimer’s)

A

N-methyl-D’Aspartate Receptor Agonist

72
Q

Memantine (Namenda) is an example of what drug class

A

N-methyl-D’Aspartate Receptor Agonist

73
Q

What are 3 baselines that must be done before giving any Alzheimer’s medications

A

B/P in both arms, Weight, Liver profile

74
Q

Alzheimer’s drugs should be taken with

A

Food

75
Q

Tacrine administration is contraindicated in

A

liver and kidney disfunction

76
Q

What 3 things should we notify HCP immediately for patients on Alzheimer’s drugs

A

Severe vomiting, Dehydration, and change in cognition

77
Q

drugs used to treat glaucoma do what two things

A

decrease formation of aqueous humor and increases outflow of aqueous humor

78
Q

Drug class that decreases formation of aqueous humor, and promotes excretion of NaHCO3

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

79
Q

What are 3 side effects for Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

A

Gastric ToxicityParesthesiaElectrolyte loss

80
Q

What two things contraindicate Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

A

Liver disease Lung disease

81
Q

Acetazolamide is an example of what drug class and when should it be given

A

Carbonic Anhydrase InhibitorIn the morning

82
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) is an example of what drug class

A

Osmotic Diuretic

83
Q

What is the first drug class tx. of choice for open angle glaucoma

A

Beta-adrenergic blockers

84
Q

Beta-adrenergic blockers commonly causes what 3 things

A

Changes in mood Depression Causes impotence

85
Q

Drug class that is direct acting miotics that increases outflow of aqueous humor

A

Cholinergics

86
Q

Latanoprost, Bimatoprost, and Travoprost are all examples of what drug class

A

Prostaglandin Analogues

87
Q

Relaxes smooth muscle of ciliary body and iris, paralyzes accommodation

A

Anticholinergic / Cycloplegics drugs

88
Q

Anticholinergic / Cycloplegics drugs can also be called

A

Mydriatics

89
Q

What can we use as an antiseptic wash

A

Boric acid

90
Q

Prostaglandin Analogues is contraindicated in what

A

pregnancy

91
Q

Mydriatics can do what to the pupils

A

dilates

92
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Epinephrine

A

Adrenalin – Adrenergic

93
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Isoproterenol

A

Isuprel – Adrenergic

94
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Norepinephrine

A

Levophed – Adrenergic

95
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Propranolol

A

Inderal – Adrenergic Blocker

96
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Nadolol

A

Corgard – Adrenergic Blocker

97
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Atenolol

A

Tenormin – Adrenergic Blocker

98
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Metoprolol

A

Lopressor – Adrenergic Blocker

99
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Atropine

A

Atropine – Cholinergic Blocker

100
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Scopolamine

A

Scopolamine – Cholinergic Blocker

101
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Probanthine

A

Probathine – Cholinergic Blocker

102
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Benztropine

A

Cogentin – Cholinergic Blocker

103
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Ipratropium Bromide

A

Atrovent – Cholinergic Blocker

104
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Bethanechol

A

Urecholine – Cholinergic

105
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Neostigmine

A

Prostigmine – Cholinergic

106
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Pilocarpine ophthalmic drops

A

Carpine – Cholinergic

107
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Ambenonium

A

Mytelase – Cholinergic

108
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Carbachol

A

Miostat – Cholinergic

109
Q

What is the trade name and drug class for Pyridostigmine

A

Mestinon – Cholinergic

110
Q

The receptor located in the blood vessels, g.i. system, uterus, and eyes

A

Alpha 1

111
Q

The receptor located in the Nerve endings and Platelets

A

Alpha 2

112
Q

The receptor located in the Heart

A

Beta 1

113
Q

The receptor located in the Adipose tissue, bronchioles, arterioles, g.i. tract, liver, urinary bladder, and pregnant uterus

A

Beta 2

114
Q

Drug class that blocks acetylcholine

A

Cholinergic Blockers

115
Q

When levodopa is converted to dopamine outside the brain it can’t cross the “_____________”

A

blood brain barrier

116
Q

involuntary muscle twitching in dyskinesia is called

A

Choreiform

117
Q

spasms of tongue, jaw, eye, and neck in dyskinesia is called

A

Dystonia

118
Q

When should Donepezil be given

A

hour of sleep w/ food

119
Q

Memantine should be given during what stage of Parkinson’s, why, and what drug is it usually combined with

A

Early stage to slow progression, combined with Aricept

120
Q

Anticholinergics are used in opened angle glaucoma and is contraindicated in

A

narrow angle glaucoma

Felder 3rd semester (10 decks)

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