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Felder 3rd semester > Module 3 Immunity > Flashcards

Module 3 Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of immunity

A

Cellular and Humoral

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2
Q

Humoral has two types of immunity which are

A

Active, Passive

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3
Q

A vaccine is what type of Humoral Immunity

A

Active

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4
Q

Toxoid is what type of Humoral Immunity

A

Active

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5
Q

Immune Serum is what type of immunity

A

Passive

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6
Q

Antitoxin is what type of immunity

A

Passive

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7
Q

Acquired immunity by having the disease and developing antibodies

A

Active artificial immunity

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8
Q

Immunity from a mother is what type of immunity

A

Passive Natural immunity

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9
Q

Why is an antitoxin not preferred

A

Comes from an animal, might cause allergic reaction

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10
Q

Inoculated means

A

an injection

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11
Q

When is immune serum used

A

After exposure

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of an immune serum (2)

A

Immediate and Short term

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13
Q

Where does Serum come from

A

Human blood (Serum globulin)

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14
Q

What is the difference between a vaccination and an immune serum other than immune serums are post exposure

A

Immune serums injected into the body are not going to be remembered by the immune system

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15
Q

Rhogam, Tetanus, Varicella-Zoster, Rabies, are all examples of

A

Immune Serums

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16
Q

When should Antitoxins be used

A

Last resort, post exposure

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of Antitoxins (2)

A

Immediate, Short term

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18
Q

Serum sickness is also known as

A

Horse sickness

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19
Q

Tetanus, Rabies, Diphtheria, Botulism are all examples of

A

Antitoxins

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20
Q

When are vaccines given

A

Pre-exposure

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21
Q

How long does it take for immunity to kick in after being given vaccine

A

1-2 weeks

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22
Q

Vaccines are known for being

A

Long lasting

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23
Q

Influenza, Polio, Pneumovax, Meningitis, Hepatitis B, are all examples of

A

Vaccines

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24
Q

When will vaccines be highly recommended

A

If they have been exposed to it in the past

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25
Q

When are toxoids given

A

Before exposure

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26
Q

How long does immunity take to kick in after a toxoid

A

1-2 weeks

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27
Q

Toxoids do not last last as long as vaccines and may require a

A

Booster shot

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28
Q

Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis are all examples of

A

Toxoids

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29
Q

When are live vaccines contraindicated (4)

A

Have current infection
Pregnancy
Asthma / Hay fever
Immunocompromised

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30
Q

If patient has low grade temp and is due for any kind of inoculation what do we do

A

Still administer it

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31
Q

What allergies contraindicate vaccines (5)

A

Egg, Neomycin, Gentamicin, Gelatin, Thimerosal

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32
Q

After Vaccination what should we tell patient who is looking to become pregnant (2)

A

Do not become pregnant for 3 months after immunizations

No MMR or Varicella in first trimester

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33
Q

If patient has localized tender effects what should we do

A

use analgesics, anti-pyretics

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34
Q

Drug class used for tx. for malignant diseases. (cure, control, palliative care)

A

Antineoplastic drugs

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35
Q

Proliferating cells, have no biological feedback controls to stop proliferation, more sensitive to antineoplastic drugs during growth and division

A

Cancerous tumors

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36
Q

Spares normal cells as much as possible (Killing malignant cells)
Cell Kill theory
Given as a single drug or in combination with other drugs
Administered in a series of cycles
Selected to work at different phases in the cell cycle

A

Objectives of Antineoplastic Drugs

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37
Q

Theory that says every malignant cell must be destroyed for a cure

A

Cell kill theory

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38
Q

Interferes with cell metabolism or the reproductive cycle

To optimize cell death they are administered at the time cell population is dividing

A

Action of antineoplastic drugs

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39
Q

Drugs class where Normal cells are also affected with rapidly dividing cells

A

Antineoplastic drugs

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40
Q

What do we do to help recovery of normal cells with patients taking Antineoplastic drugs

A

Give intermittently

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41
Q

What are the two main drug types of Cell Cycle Specific

A

Antimetabolites

Plant Alkaloids

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42
Q

Cell cycle specific drugs are also called

A

Chemotherapeutic agents

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43
Q

What are 4 types of antimetabolites

A

Folic Acid Antagonist (Trexall)
Pyrimidine Antagonist (5-FU)
Purine Antagonist
Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitor

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44
Q

Name for Folic Acid Antagonist (Trexall)

A

Methotrexate

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45
Q

Name for Pyrimidine Antagonist (5-FU)

A

Fluorouracil (carac)

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46
Q

Plant Alkaloids are also called

A

Mitotic Inhibitors

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47
Q

What are 4 types of Plant Alkaloids

A

Vinca Alkaloids (Vincristine)
Taxanes (Abraxane)
Podophyllotoxins
Campothecans

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48
Q

Name for Vinca Alkaloids (Vincristine)

A

Ancovin

49
Q

What are Cell cycle Nonspecific also called

A

Independent Drugs

50
Q

What are two types of Cell cycle Nonspecific drugs

A

Alkylating agents

Antibiotics

51
Q

Causes DNA strands to bind together

A

Alkylating agents

52
Q

What are 6 examples of Alkylating agents

A 
Nitrogen Mustard Derivatives (Cytoxan) 
Ethyleneamines
Alkyl Sulfonate  
Hydrazines 
Nitrosoureas
Platinum Compound (Platinol)
53
Q

What are 6 examples of Antibiotics

A 
Anthracycline (Doxil) 
Chromomycin 
Miscellaneous Antibiotics 
DNA Inhibitors - inhibits synthesis 
Retinoids 
Enzymes
54
Q

What is a side effect of Anthracycline (Doxil-Doxorubicin)

A

Turns urine red

55
Q

What are two nursing implications for Anthracycline (Doxil-Doxorubicin)

A

Know that cardiac damage occurs with accumulation

Give dose early so patient doesn’t sleep with it

56
Q

What is a side effect of Gonadotropin Releasing hormone (Leuprolide - Lupron)

A

Decreased libido

57
Q

What is a side effect of Anti-estrogenic palliative (Tamoxifen - Nolvadex)

A

Hot flashes

58
Q

Testosterone alters what hormone and what does it treat (2)

A

Androgens

Prostate and Breast Cancer

59
Q

Premarin alters what hormone and what does it treat

A

Estrogen

Metastatic breast cancer

60
Q

Megestrol (Megace) alters what hormone and what does it treat

A

Progesterone

Breast Cancer

61
Q

Prednisone alters what hormone and what does it treat

A

Corticosteroids

Leukemia

62
Q

Leuprolide (Lupron) alters what hormone and what does it treat

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

prostatic cancer

63
Q

Bicalutamide (Casodex) alters what hormone and what does it treat

A

Anti-androgenic

Metastatic prostate Cancer

64
Q

Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) alters what hormone and what does it treat

A

Anti-estrogenic

Breast cancer

65
Q

New drugs used in the tx of cancer

Target Cancer cells to stop their growth and development

A

Target therapy drugs

66
Q

Bortezomib (Velcade) is an example of a _________ and what does it do

A

Proteasome

inhibits enzyme that helps cells grow

67
Q

Erlotinib (Tarceva), Gefitinib (Iressa), Imatinib (Gleevec) are examples of a _________ and what does it do

A

Signal Transducer Inhibitor

inhibits signals that are the pathway for growth (proliferate)

68
Q

Thalidomide (Thalomid), and Bevacizumumab (Avastatin) are examples of a _________ and what does it do

A

Angiogenesis Inhibitor

inhibits growth of new cells

69
Q

Substances that use the bodies natural immune defense to fight infection, treat disease or protect the body against side effects from other tx.

A

Biotherapy

70
Q

Drug group that is used for Cancer and AIDS, and is used with surgery, radiation, and chemo

A

Biotherapy

71
Q

Bonds to receptor on cancer cell preventing proliferation

A

Immunomodulators / Monoclonal Antibodies

72
Q

Immunomodulators / Monoclonal Antibodies drugs end in

A

Mabs

73
Q

Cancr cell fused to B lymphocytes producing antibody aim at a specific antigen

A

Immunomodulators / Monoclonal Antibodies

74
Q

Rituximab (Rituxan) is an example of

A

Immunomodulators / Monoclonal Antibodies

75
Q

Considered Biological Response modifiers engineered to inhibit cellular growth

A

Antitumor Cytokines

76
Q

What two substances are used for Antitumor Cytokines

A

Interferon and Interleukin

77
Q

Used to increase immune response in bladder cancer

A

Antitumor Vaccine

78
Q

Bacilli Calmette Guerin (BCG) is an example of a

A

Antitumor Vaccine

79
Q

Manufactured by the kidneys to stimulate growth of RBC

A

Erythropoietin

80
Q

Used to stimulate growth of thrombocytes. For platelets and megakaryocytes.

A

Oprelvekin (Neumega)

81
Q

What are 3 adverse reactions of Anti-neoplastic drugs

A

Gastric Toxicity
Neurotoxicity
affects bone marrow

82
Q

Define Xerostoma and what it could lead to

A

Dry mouth can lead to Anorexia

83
Q

For N+V we use power pack foods such as

A

Ginger ale and popsicle

84
Q

When should Antiemetic drugs be administered for N+V

A

1/2 hour - 45 minutes before and 48hr drugs

85
Q

Stool softeners should be used

A

Prophylactically

86
Q

Constipation is related to what drug group

A

Plant Alkaloids

87
Q

When is constipation seen in Plant Alkaloids

A

5-8 days after therapy

88
Q

What are the two side effects for Doxorubicin - 5FU (2)

A

Sloughing

Hypopigmentation

89
Q

What is a major side effect of Methotrexate

A

Photosensitivity

90
Q

What are the 6 drug groups for Antiretroviral drugs

A

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)
Protease Inhibitor (PI)
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI)
Fusion Inhibitors (FI)
Integrase Inhibitor
CCR5 Antagonist

91
Q

inhibit the enzyme Reverse Transcriptase that the HIV virus needs to replicate itself

A

NRTI

92
Q

Drug group that makes single strand no double

A

NRTI

93
Q

What is the main drug for NRTI

A

Zidovudine (AZT Retrovir)

94
Q

What are 4 main side effects for NRTI’s

A

NVD
Anemia
Neutropenia
Headaches

95
Q

What are 2 nursing implications for patients on NRTI’s

A

Monitor liver enzymes

Monitor lactic acidosis

96
Q

What are 3 things we should know for Protease Inhibitors

A

can cause lipidemia
EKG should be on chart
cardiac arrhythmias can occur

97
Q

What are 2 main drugs for Protease Inhibitor

A

Ritonavir (Norvir)

Nelfinavir (Viracept)

98
Q

How should NNRTI’s be administered

A

Start with daily dose then go into 2 doses / day

99
Q

What are two examples of NNRTI’s

A

Nevirapine (Viramune)

Efavirenz (Sustiva)

100
Q

Drug group that helps prevent adhesion to CD4 cell

A

Fusion inhibitors

101
Q

What is an example of a fusion inhibitor and how should it be administered

A

Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) SubQ injection

102
Q

What are 2 side effects of Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)

A

allergic like reaction

increases effect of bacterial pneumonia

103
Q

What is an example of a CCR5 antagonist

A

Maraviroc (Selzentry)

104
Q

Maraviroc (Selzentry) can cause

A

Sore muscles

105
Q

What is an example of an Integrase inhibitor

A

Raltegravir (Isentress)

106
Q

What are two side effects of Raltegravir (Isentress)

A

Diarrhea

Nausea

107
Q

Combination drugs are given to

A

Increase compliance

108
Q

Lactic Acidosis is

A

Diarrhea, rapid shallow breathing, SOB

109
Q

What are 4 main side effects of NNRTI

A

Vivid dreams
Positive Marijuana test
Steven Johnson syndrome
Mood changes

110
Q

An AIDS Cocktail is composed of

A

2 NRTI
1 NNRTI
or 1 Protease inhibitor

111
Q

What is the purpose of an AIDS Cocktail

A

Decrease drug resistance

112
Q

If patient has HIV and Hep B what will be given

A

NRTI

113
Q

When discussing the possibility of adverse reactions after receiving a vaccine, the nurse tells the parents of a young child that

A

The side effects are usually mild

114
Q

Which type of immunity does an antivenin produce

A

Passive immunity

115
Q

What type of immunity is produced by the hepatitis B vaccine recombinant

A

Artificially-acquired active immunity

116
Q

Wha allergy contraindicates the measles vaccine

A

Gelatin

117
Q

What are 3 signs of leukopenia

A

Fever
Sore throat
Chills

118
Q

What drug substance decreases absorption of anemia

A

Antacids

Felder 3rd semester (10 decks)

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