Module 1 Anti-Microbials Part 1 Flashcards
Slow / Retard bacteria multiplication is called
Bacteriostatic
A drug that destroys bacteria is considered
Bacteriocidal
Specific for a particular bacteria
Narrow spectrum
Destroy different types of bacteria
Broad spectrum
What test must be done before first dose of anti-infective is given
CNS
What is the appropriate way to give oral meds
Empty stomach with full glass of water
If lips get swollen after taking any antimicrobial what should the person do
Call doctor
Steven Johnson Syndrome is a common adverse effect of which drug class
Sulfonamides (Bactrim)
Redneck/Red Man Syndrome is most commonly seen with
IV Vancomycin
Prolonged use of tetracycline can lead to
Candida albicans
Most common sign of Candida Albicans is
white patches on mucous membranes
Mild treatment for Candida Albicans can include
Yogurt, Buttermilk
Severe treatment for Candida Albicans can include
Anti-fungal Medications, Gentian Violet
What is the average duration of time a person is placed on Anti-infectives
5-10 days
C-diff is a bacteria that affects the
GI tract
C-diff is more commonly seen in what population
Older patients
How long can C-diff occur after medication has been stopped
6 weeks
What is a major S&S of C-diff
Foul smelling Diarrhea
For Mild treatment of C-diff we would
provide no drug to kill organism
What can we absolutely not give for patients with C-diff
No anti-diarrheals
What kind of precautions must we place patients with C-diff
Contact Precautions
Vancomycin by mouth can cause
C-diff
What is best way to prevent spread of C-diff
Hand-washing
What is the action of Sulfonamides
Inhibit folic acid synthesis
Are sulfonamides Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal, and are they Narrow Spectrum or Broad Spectrum
Bactericidal
Broad spectrum
Bactrim is most commonly given to help with
UTI
Mafenide (Sulfamylon) and Silver Sulfadine (Silvadene) are given to help with
Meningitis
Sulfasalazine is given to help with
Ulcerative Colitis
Sulfonamides can cause what kind of Colitis
C-diff
Bactrim should be given when
on empty stomach
Giving a drug on an empty stomach means __ hours before meal OR __ hours after meal
1 hour before or 2 hours after
Sulfasalazine should be given how
with food
What is penicillin derived from
Mold from on bread and fruit
What is the action of Natural Penicillin
Inhibit Cell wall synthesis
Are Natural Penicillins Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal, and are they Narrow Spectrum or Broad Spectrum
Bactericidal and Narrow Spectrum
What route is Penicillin G given
IM,IV
What route is Penicillin V given
Oral
What is the action of a Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin
Combats resistance to penicillinase/beta lactamase
What is Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillin used for (2)
MRSA, Staph
What is the difference between Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin, and Natho Cyllin
Dicloxacillin can only be given oral
Is Aminopenicillin Broad Spectrum or Narrow Spectrum
Broad Spectrum
Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin, and Natho Cyllin, are all examples of
Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins
Amoxicillin and Ampicillin are examples of
Aminopenicillins
Amoxicillin is used for ______ and can be given _____
Ear infections and can be given PO
Ampicillin is used for ______(2) and can be given ____
UTI,STD and can be given IM,IV
Amoxicillin must be given with
Food
What is the action of Beta lactamase inhibitor
Inhibit activity of beta lactamase
Beta lactamase inhibitor are given with (2)
Aminopenicillins or Extended spectrum
Beta lactamase inhibitor are used where
bacterial resistance is present
Extended Spectrum Penicillins have a
Wider range that broad spectrum
What does Extended Spectrum Penicillins destroy
Pseudomonas
Extended Spectrum Penicillins is used for
Serious infections
For Gonorrhea and Syphilis the choice drug is
Ampicillin
For Septicemia and Meningitis the choice drug is
Extended Spectrum Penicillins
What is the choice drug for Otitis Media
Amoxicillin
What is the choice drug for Pneumonia
Natural Penicillin
What is the choice drug for a UTI
Ampicillin
Ticarcillin, Piperacillin, and Carbenicillin are all examples of
Extended Spectrum Penicillins
C-diff can be seen how long after drug has started
4-9 days
What is the action of Cephalosporins
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
Are Cephalosporins Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal, and are they Narrow Spectrum or Broad Spectrum
Bactericidal and Broad Spectrum
Keflex is an example of a
1st generation Cephalosporins
Kefzol is an example of a
1st generation Cephalosporins
Zinacef is an example of a
2nd generation Cephalosporins
Fortaz is an example of a
3rd generation Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins should be given on a
Empty stomach
Cephalosporins should not be given if patient is taking
Antacids or Irons
What is the action of a Monobactam
Inhibit Cell wall synthesis
Are Monobactams bactericidal or bacteriostatic, and are they narrow or broad spectrum
Bactericidal and Narrow Spectrum
Monobactams are used for (3)
Respiratory Infections, Uterine infections, and UTIs
Monobactam can be given (3)
IVPB, IM, Inhalation
A major adverse effect of a Monobactam is (2)
TENS
C-diff
Monobactams can be contraindicated if patient had
Liver Disease
What is the action of a Carbapenem
Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis
Are Carbapenem bactericidal or bacteriostatic, and are they narrow or broad spectrum
Bactericidal and Broad Spectrum
Carbapenems are resistant to
Beta Lactamase
The 4 drugs in the Beta lactam Ring are
Carbapenems
Cephalosporins
Penicillins
Monobactams
Carbapenems are used for (3)
Serious Nosocomial Infections
Meningitis
Septicemia
Carbapenems can be given
IVBP
If adverse effects are seen in Carbapenems, what should we do
D/C the med
Imipenem and Cilastatin are given for
Endocarditis, Septicemia
Meropenem is given for
Meningitis
Ertapenem is given for
Nosocomial Infections
What is the action of a Tetracycline
Inhibit Protein Synthesis
Are Tetracyclines bactericidal or bacteriostatic, and are they narrow or broad spectrum
Bacteriostatic and Broad Spectrum
Tetracyclines is the drug of choice for which types of infections
Upper respiratory infections
Tetracycline can treat which STD
Chlamydia
What drug group is used when patient has an allergy to Penicillin
Tetracycline
Tetracycline can only be given in children
with their permanent teeth
Tetracycline should be taken on _______ and what should the patient do after taking it
Empty stomach
Sit upright for at least 30 minutes
Chelation is a
Unabsorbable mass
What is the action of a Macrolide
Inhibit protein synthesis
Are Macrolides bactericidal or bacteriostatic, and are they narrow or broad spectrum
Broad Spectrum, and whether it is Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal is based on dose
Macrolides can be used prophylactically for
Tuberculosis
Which STD are Macrolides used for
Chlamydia
Macrolides are the drug of choice when
patient has an allergy to Penicillin
Erythromycin is the drug of choice for
patients with allergy to Penicillins
Macrolides are given on
Empty stomach
What is the action of a Lincosamide
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
Are Lincosamides bactericidal or bacteriostatic, and are they narrow or broad spectrum
Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal and Broad Spectrum
Lincosamides are used when
other meds have been unsuccessful for Serious infections
What is the chance of getting C-diff for patients on Lincosamides
80%
Patients on Lincosamides should have there stools reported how often
3-5 times a day
Lincosamides should be infused …
slowly
Don’t use Lincosamides if patient is on
Neuromuscular blockers
What is the trade name for Amoxicillin
Amoxil
What is the drug class for Amoxicillin
Aminopenicillin
What is the action of Amoxicillin
Binds to bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.
What is the trade name for Ticarcillin Disodium
Timentin
What is the drug class for Ticarcillin
extended spectrum penicillins
What is the action of Ticarcillin
Binds to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death
What is the trade name for Cephalexin
Keflex
What is the drug class for Cephalexin
first generation cephalosporins
What is the action of Cephalexin
Binds to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death.
What is the trade name for Ceftazidime
Fortaz
What is the drug class for Ceftazidime
third generation cephalosporins
What is the action of Ceftazidime
Binds to the bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death.
Penicillins are used to treat which type of STD
Gonorrhea
Which drug can cause and treat C-diff
Vancomycin
Which drug has an indication of gang green sepsin
Carbapenems
Aztreonam and Aztreonam are examples of
Monobactams
Aztreonam can be used
By inhalation
Imipenem, Meropenem, and Ertapenem are examples of
Carbapenems
Tetracycline increases the effects of (3) ______ while decreasing the effect of ______
Increases Digoxin, Insulin, Anticoagulant
Decreases Contraceptives
Erythromycin is an example of a
Macrolide