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Felder 3rd semester > Module 6 Nervous System > Flashcards

Module 6 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Weak compared to morphine, opioid agonist, usually combined

A

Oxycodone

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2
Q

Oxycodone + ASA

A

Percodan

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3
Q

Oxycodone + Acetaminophen

A

Percocet

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4
Q

Oxycodone + Motrin

A

Combunox

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5
Q

Oxycodone is available as a __________ and is given q ___

A

Sustained release q 12 hrs

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6
Q

Hydrocodone + Tylenol

A

Vicodin

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7
Q

Hydrocodone + Ibuprofen

A

Vicoprofen

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8
Q

Hydrocodone + Codeine

A

Antitussive

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9
Q

Where does morphine sulfate come from

A

White poppy plant

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10
Q

What is the drug of choice for post MI, PE

A

Morphine Sulfate

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11
Q

Short acting Morphine Sulfate lasts for how long

A

4-5 hrs

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12
Q

How long does the sustained release form of Morphine Sulfate last

A

(Roxanol) 8hrs

MS contin 12 hrs

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13
Q

4 Side effects of Morphine Sulfate

A

decreased CNS
Euphoria
Paradoxical excitement
Pinpoint pupils

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14
Q

What is another word for pinpoint pupils

A

Myosis

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15
Q

What are 3 cases where Morphine Sulfate is contraindicated

A

COPD
Head injury
Tolerance

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16
Q

Mu, Kappa, and Delta are examples of

A

Narcotic Analgesics

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17
Q

Works by binding to opiate sites

A

Narcotic Analgesics

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18
Q

Agonists __________ while Antagonists _________

A

elicit a response

Do not

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19
Q

An example of an Opioid Agonist is

A

Morphine

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20
Q

An example of an Opioid Agonist/Antagonist is

A

Talwin

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21
Q

And example of an Opioid Antagonist is

A

Narcan

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22
Q

Mimics the neurotransmitter endorphin and Enkephalin that are the bodies natural analgesic to increase pain threshold

A

Narcotic Analgesics

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23
Q

Drug group that works by changing perception of pain

A

Narcotic Analgesics

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24
Q

What does morphine attach itself to in the body

A

the mu receptor site

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25
Q

Narcotic Analgesic Withdrawal can lead to (3)

A

Diarrhea, large pupils, stomach cramps

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26
Q

Talwin attached itself to

A

Kappa and Delta sites

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27
Q

When are Agonists-Antagonists used

A

when patient cant tolerate Agonist

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28
Q

What are 3 side effects of Agonists-Antagonists

A

Vertigo, euphoria, hallucination

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29
Q

What are 2 advantages of Agonists-Antagonists

A

less resp depression and less dependency

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30
Q

Pentazocine + ASA

A

Talwin

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31
Q

Prevents or reverses opiate effects

A

Antagonist

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32
Q

Salicylates, NSAIDS, and Tylenol are examples of

A

Analgesic Non-narcotic

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33
Q

What are Analgesic Non-narcotic used for usually

A

migraine

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34
Q

blocks impulse within the sympathetic nervous system - produces vasoconstriction

A

Ergot Derivatives

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35
Q

Used to reduce frequency and intensity of migraines

A

Ergot Derivatives

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36
Q

Bind with vascular receptors to produce vasoconstriction

A

Triptans

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37
Q

What is a major side effect of Triptans

A

Fibrosis in heart and lungs (stroke)

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38
Q

How frequent do we administer Triptans

A

Give for 1 mo, then rest for 4-6 mo

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39
Q

Ergot + Caffeine

A

Cafergot

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40
Q

Hold drugs when resp is below

A

12

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41
Q

Pin point pupils are a sign of

A

toxicity

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42
Q

Allays fear and excitement

A

Sedatives

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43
Q

Induces sleep

A

Hypnotics

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44
Q

When are Sedatives / Hypnotics used

A

Insomnia

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45
Q

What are two types of Sedatives / Hypnotics

A

Barbiturates and Non Barbiturates

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46
Q

Inhibit the uptake of Gamma aminobutyric Acid

A

Barbiturates and Non Barbiturates

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47
Q

How are Barbiturates classified

A

based on onset of action and duration

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48
Q

GABA is a

A

CNS neurotransmitter

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49
Q

What is the antidote for Barbiturates

A

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

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50
Q

Up to how long should Barbiturates be used

A

2 weeks

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51
Q

Barbiturates should not be used to mask pain as it has no

A

has no analgesic effect

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52
Q

What are the 4 stages in order of Anesthesia

A

Analgesia
Excitement/Delirium
Surgical Anesthesia
Medullary paralysis

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53
Q

Gases for Anesthesia are usually combined with

A

Oxygen

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54
Q

What are two drugs that help to balance Anesthesia

A

Cyclopropane

Nitrous Oxide

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55
Q

General Anesthesia by injection is preferred _____ to gases

A

prior

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56
Q

Neuroleptanalgesia (Innovar) is used for

A

moderate to deep sedation

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57
Q

What is a major side effect of Anesthesia

A

Malignant hyperthermia

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58
Q

Temp 105+ , tachycardia, cardiac arrest are signs of

A

Malignant hyperthermia

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59
Q

What is the tx for Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene (Dantrium)

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60
Q

Used to change permeability of nerve cell, alter nerve conduction

A

Local Anesthetics

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61
Q

Local anesthetics come from

A

coca plants

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62
Q

Spinal Anesthesia is given where

A

into the subarachnoid space between 2nd and 4th

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63
Q

Epidural Anesthesia is given where

A

epidural space L1 - L2

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64
Q

What are 4 things we must do before inducing Anesthesia

A

Empty bladder
Ensure post voiding
Baseline B/P, RR
Ensure return of sensation

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65
Q

Pre anesthetic drugs are used to

A

Decrease anxiety, secretions, and chance of N&V

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66
Q

Abnormal disturbance in electrical activity of the brain means pt. may be experiencing a

A

seizure

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67
Q

Used to stabilize nerve cell against hyperexcitability

A

Hydantoins

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68
Q

Used for seizures that are hard to control, also used in children

A

Barbiturates

69
Q

Used for all types of seizures including status epilepticus

A

Benzodiazepines

70
Q

Used for Petit-Mal seizures when safer drugs are not effective

A

Oxazolidinediones

71
Q

Used for a general Petit-Mal Seizure

A

Succinimides

72
Q

Used for obesity, and appetite suppression

A

Anorexiants

73
Q

When should anorexiants be used

A

30-60min b4 meals

74
Q

Counteracts the effects of narcotics, increases wakefulness, used for ADHD

A

Non-Anorexiants

75
Q

Non-anorexiants can only be used in children (age)

A

6+

76
Q

Narcotic Analgesics that are delta only affect the

A

Spinal Cord

77
Q

Antagonists do not elicit a response they

A

block, reverse the effects

78
Q

Narcotic Analgesics do not affect nerve ending and do not decrease sensation so how do they help the pain

A

Pain threshold is increased altering their emotional needs

79
Q

Narcotics should be around the clock for the best ________ response

A

therapeutic

80
Q

After first 24 hours, Narcotic Analgesics should be administered

A

PRN 24 hrs

81
Q

Opioids can also be used adjuvantly for

A

Anti-diarrheal (not morphine - codeine

82
Q

What do we give a patient that needs relief of anxiety and fear of death in MI and PE

A

Codeine

83
Q

of tylenol and Codeine combination indicates what

A

Codeine x 7.5 (amount)

84
Q

How long is Transdermal Duragesic patch good for

A

72 hrs

85
Q

What vital sign will drop with use of demerol

A

B/P

86
Q

Demerol can be given PO and is a drug that goes through

A

First pass effect

87
Q

When do we give Methadone (Dolophine)

A

For people who depend on opioid substance. For abuse. When they want to ween off from opioids

88
Q

Alfentanil (Alfenta) is used to _______ while Sufentanil (Sufenta) is used for __________

A

induce

balance

89
Q

intrathecal morphine lasts for

A

24hrs

90
Q

Tolerance is usually the first sign of

A

dependency

91
Q

Naltrexone (Revia,trexan) can be used to

A

decrease cravings of alcohol

92
Q

Where is Buprenorphine (Buprenex) used

A

Behavioral health setting

93
Q

Where is Nalbuphine (Nubain) used

A

Peds setting

94
Q

Rush of blood flow to the brain, where cranial blood vessels are dilated results in a

A

Migraine

95
Q

Triptans were developed specifically for

A

Migraines Acute attacks

96
Q

If on Triptans or migraine medications for more than 10 days what can happen when they d.c. med

A

rebound h/a

97
Q

Beta Blocker used for migraines

A

Propranolol

98
Q

How are PCA safe so they pt. cannot Overdose the drug

A

Lockout mechanism

99
Q

An adjuvant med that is used for Neuropathic pain is

A

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

100
Q

Lancinating pain is

A

stabbing pain

101
Q

Sedatives in a severe case can be given as a

A

tranquilizer

102
Q

Intermediate acting barbiturates are also called

A

Anticonvulsants

103
Q

What must we assess before baseline data for Barbiturates

A

PERLA

104
Q

CNS depressants can also be called

A

Barbiturates

105
Q

How should patients take ambien

A

W/O food, before sleep

106
Q

How do we give Chloral Hydrate (Noctec)

A

Dilute with milk or juice

107
Q

The only way to take away sensation is to induce

A

anesthesia

108
Q

To block nerve conduction without loss of consciousness is called

A

Local / Regional anesthesia

109
Q

If general anesthesia is administered by inhalation pt. will not need

A

Life support

110
Q

Most common used gas for weak anesthesia

A

Nitrous Oxide

111
Q

Volatile liquids _______ on exposure

A

Evaporate

112
Q

Ketamine (Ketaject) “Special K” can be used for

A

Conscious anesthesia where we don’t need deep sedation

113
Q

What is a side effect of Ketamine (Ketaject) “Special K”

A

hallucinations

114
Q

Pandemonium Bromide can be used to treat

A

Malignant hyperthermia

115
Q

Most local anesthetics end in

A

ane

116
Q

Before a Spinal Anesthesia is given what are two things we must do

A

Baseline B/P

lay pt flat

117
Q

How is pt. positioned when given nerve blocks

A

sitting or side lying

118
Q

What happens when patients miss there anti-seizure meds

A

status epilepticus

119
Q

Dilantin is a drug commonly prescribed as a

A

anticonvulsant

120
Q

Long term use of anticonvulsants can lead to

A

Gingival Hyperplasia

121
Q

Benzodiazepines are similar to barbiturates in ONE way and that is

A

both decrease GABA, increasing relaxation

122
Q

Drug of choice to treat static epilepticus

A

Lorazepam (ativan)

123
Q

Succinimides work by

A

increasing seizure threshold

124
Q

What are 2 major side effects of Oxazolidinones

A

Pancytopenia and nephrosis

125
Q

Pancytopenia is the

A

suppression of RBCs

126
Q

Oxazolidinones are used when

A

other meds are unsuccessful

127
Q

When CNS stimulants are wearing off what is a major side effect

A

drowsiness

128
Q

Anorexiants should only be used for

A

1-5mo

129
Q

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a

A

CNS Stimulant Amphetamines

130
Q

Hydromorphone HCL (Dilaudid) is a

A

Opioid Analgesic Agonist

131
Q

Meperidine (Demerol) is a

A

Opioid Analgesic Agonist

132
Q

Methadone HCL (Dolophine Methadose) is a

A

Opioid Analgesic Agonist

133
Q

Butorphanol (Stadol) is a

A

Opioid Analgesic Agonist-Antagonist

134
Q

Oxycodone + ASA

A

Percodan

135
Q

Naloxone is a

A

Opioid Analgesic Antagonist

136
Q

Gabapentin (Neurontin) is a

A

Anticonvulsant

137
Q

Gabapentin (Neurontin) is used adjuvantly for

A

peripheral neuropathy

138
Q

Secobarbital (Seconal) is a

A

barbiturate

139
Q

Triazolam (Halcion) is a

A

Sedative / Hypnotic (Benzodiazepines)

140
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) is a

A

Anticonvulsant

141
Q

What is the therapeutic level for Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

10-20mcg

142
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is a

A

Anticonvulsant

143
Q

Valproic Acid (Depakene) is a

A

Anticonvulsant

144
Q

Valproic Acid (Depakene) is used for

A

Static epilepticus long term proph.

145
Q

Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) is a

A

Anti-parkinsons

146
Q

Trihexyphenidyl HCL is used for

A

Cholinergically blocking drugs for Parkinsons disease

147
Q

Alprazolam (Xanax) is a

A

Benzodiazepine

148
Q

Alprazolam (Xanax) is used for

A

Anti-anxiety

149
Q

Zolpidem tartrate (Ambien) is used for

A

Sedative/Hypnotic Nonbenzodiazepine

150
Q

Fentanyl Transdermal System (Duragesic) is a

A

Opioid Analgesic Agonist

151
Q

Each time a patient requests a opioid analgesic, the nurse must

A

determine the exact location and intensity of the pain

152
Q

When administering an opioid analgesic what is an adverse affect we must mointor for

A

Confusion

153
Q

What opioid is prescribed for a patient who is experiencing an overdose

A

Naloxone

154
Q

How long before surgery should anesthetics be given

A

30min

155
Q

What is the most common drug used for general anesthesia

A

Nitrous Oxide

156
Q

What two drugs accomplish Neuroleptanalgesia

A

Fentanyl + Droperidol

157
Q

Xanax is contraindicated in a patient with a

A

psychotic disorder

158
Q

What side effect should nurse monitor for Opioid Analgesics that indicates allergic reaction

A

Urticaria

159
Q

For a patient on Opioid therapy, also prescribed Barbiturates what side effect is most likely to occur

A

Resp Depression

160
Q

Which body system does not adapt and compensate for the secondary effects of opioids

A

GI system

161
Q

Lactating females should wait how long before breastfeeding infant

A

4-6 hrs

162
Q

An opioid antagonist is most commonly prescribed to

A

reverse the effect of pain medication

163
Q

What is the onset of Narcan when its use is for reversing Opioid induced Resp depression

A

1-2min

164
Q

Which stage of general anesthesia begins with a loss of consciousness

A

Analgesia

165
Q

Preanesthetic drugs are contraindicated in patients over

A

60

166
Q

What drug group should be administered with pre anesthetic drug to decrease upper respiratory tract secretions

A

Cholinergic-blocking drug

167
Q

What is an example of a regional anesthesia

A

Spinal anesthesia

168
Q

CNS stimulants for ADHD should be administered

A

30 min before breakfast

169
Q

Before administering non barbiturate what allergy should we check for

A

Egg or soybean

Felder 3rd semester (10 decks)

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