Nervous System Overview Flashcards
What does the grey matter of the brain and spinal cord consist of?
Cell bodies
What does the white matter of the brain and spinal cord consist of?
Axons that form tracts (pathways)
At what vertebra does the spinal cord end?
L1-L2
What is a mixed nerve that carry motor, sensory and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the rest of the body.
Spinal nerve
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
What does the autonomic nervous system communicate with?
Communicates with internal organs and glands
What does the somatic nervous system communicate with?
Sense organs and voluntary muscles
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system have an arousing or calming effect?
Arousing
Does the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system have an arousing or calming effect?
Calming
What are the two divisions of the somatic nervous system?
Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)
What is primary structure is the somatic nervous system derived from?
Somites
What embryonic structure is the central nervous system derived from?
From the neural tube
What embryonic structure does the peripheral nervous system derive from?
Developed from neural crest and CNS outgrowths
What is the general function of somatic nerves?
Receive information from and responds to external world
Somatic nerves innervate structures that are derived from what embryonic structure?
Somites
What is the general function of visceral nerves?
Innervate organ systems and its elements, also detects and responds to information within the body
A group of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS are called what?
Nucleus
A group of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS are called what?
Ganglion
What are the glia of the CNS?
Astrocyte, oligodendroglia, and microglia
What is the glia of the PNS?
Schwann cell
What are the three meninges of the CNS?
Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
What are the three connective tissues of the PNS?
Epineurium, perineurinum, and endoneurium
What is the space beneath the arachnoid layer and why is it important?
The subarachnoid space and this is where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lies.
What are the four main parts of the neuron?
Dendrites, cell body, axon, and terminal boutons
Where is the spinal nerve first formed?
At the connection between the dorsal root and anterior root.
What is it called when a spinal nerve splits?
Ramus or rami
How does the spinal nerve leave the vertebral column?
Via the intervertebral foramen
What is decussation?
This refers to the X-shaped crossing of nerve bundles at junctional regions, pyramidal decussations (brain-spinal cord), decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles (pons-midbrain)
What is a commissure?
A link between the two sides of the nervous system ex corpus callosum
What do ipsilateral and contralateral mean?
Ipsilateral means same side and contralateral means opposite side
What is the sympathetic chain of the autonomic nervous system also called?
Paravertebral sympathetic trunk
Where are the preganglionic sympathetic parts of the ANS?
T1-L2
Where are the parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies found?
Either in the head or the walls of the cells that they innervate
Where are the major somatic nervous plexus of the anterior cervical rami?
C1-C4
Where are the major somatic nervous plexus of the anterior brachial rami?
C5-T1
Where are the major somatic nervous plexus of the anterior lumbar rami?
L1-L4
Where are the major somatic nervous plexus of the anterior sacral rami?
L4-S4
Where are the major somatic nervous plexus of the anterior coccygeal rami?
S5-Co