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Anatomy Test One Material > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two kinds of embryonic connective tissue?

A

1.mesenchyme; 2.mucous

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2
Q

What are the two major kinds of connective tissue?

A

Embryonic and adult connective tissue

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3
Q

What are the six main functions of connective tissue?

A

1.binds, supports, and strengthens; 2.protection; 3.insulation; 4.compartmentalization; 5.transport; 6.storage of energy reserves; 6.immune responses

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4
Q

What are the three characteristics of connective tissue?

A

A.cells in an extracellular matrix; B.Common origin; C.degrees of vascularity

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5
Q

What is the stem cell that all connective tissues arise from?

A

Mesenchymal stem cell or a mesenchymal cell

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6
Q

What are the two parts of the extracellular matrix?

A

1.protein fibers; 2.ground substance

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7
Q

What are the three types of protein fibers?

A

A.collagen; B.reticular; C.elastic

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8
Q

What are the three components of ground substance?

A

A.glycosaminoglycans (GAGs); B.proteoglycans; C.multiadhesive glycoproteins (lamin and fibronectin)

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9
Q

What is the major product, activity or function of a fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast, or odontoblast?

A

Production of fibers and ground substance, and a structural function.

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10
Q

What is the major product, activity or function of a plasma cell?

A

Production of antibodies and immunologic function

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11
Q

What is the major product, activity or function of a lymphocyte?

A

Production of immunocompetent cells and immunologic function

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12
Q

What is the major product, activity or function of a eosinophil?

A

Participation in an allergic and vasoactive reactions, modulation of mast cell activities and the inflammatory response, and immunologic function.

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13
Q

What is the major product, activity or function of a neutrophil?

A

Phagocytosis of foreign substances, bacteria and has a defense function.

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14
Q

What is the major product, activity or function of a macrophage?

A

Secretion of cytokines and other molecules, phagocytosis of foreign substances and bacteria, antigen processing and presentation to other cells and the major function is defense.

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15
Q

What is the major product, activity or function of a mast cell, basophil?

A

LIberation of pharmacologically active molecules (eg histamine) and its major function is defense

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16
Q

What is the major product, activity or function of an adipose cell?

A

Strorage of neutral fats and thermogenesis

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17
Q

Will active fibroblasts have a more euchromatin or heterochromatin?

A

There will be more euchromatin

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18
Q

How do collagen fibers stain?

A

Very eosinophilic

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19
Q

What is a myofibroblast?

A

This is an elongated cell similar to smooth muscle and fibroblast. There are actin filaments associated with this cell giving it some movement by pulling on the extracellular matrix.

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20
Q

What is the size range of mast cells?

A

20-30 micrometers, they are large. Several RBCs could line up across one of these cells.

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21
Q

What is the cytoplasm of mast cells mainly composed of?

A

Very basophilic secretory granules which are 0.3 - 2.0 micrometers in diameter and a nucleus.

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22
Q

What do mast cells contain that play roles in immunity, tissue repair, and allergic response?

A

Histidine and heparin

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23
Q

What cell does a plasma cell come from?

A

B lymphocytes

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24
Q

Plasma cells stain very basophilic because of what in the cytoplasm?

A

All the rough ER.

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25
Q

What cells have nuclei that look like cart wheels or clocks?

A

plasma cells, they have clumps of heterochromatin around the periphery of they nucleus.

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26
Q

What cell are macrophages derived from?

A

Macrophages come from monocytes

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27
Q

Macrophages have many what in the cytoplasm?

A

Lysosomes

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28
Q

Describe what a macrophage looks like?

A

very indistinct PM, almost foamy appearance, and a clearly visible cytoplasm

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29
Q

What are the three types of fibers?

A

1.collagen; 2.reticular; 3.elastic

30
Q

What protein are collagen fibers composed of?

A

Collagen protein

31
Q

What protein are reticular fibers composed of?

A

Collagen type three

32
Q

What protein are elastic fibers composed of?

A

Elastic protein

33
Q

Of the three types of fibers which one is the most abundant?

A

Collagen

34
Q

Collagen takes up about what percent of the dry weight of the body?

A

About 30%

35
Q

What connective tissue is a large part of the tissue of what body system?

A

Lymphatic tissue

36
Q

Silver staining stains reticular fibers what color?

A

Black

37
Q

Elastic fibers can be stretched up to what percent of their original length?

A

100%

38
Q

Give three types of tissues that elastic fibers can be found in?

A

Skin, lungs, and blood vessels

39
Q

What is the endothelium that lines the blood vessels?

A

Nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium

40
Q

What is the basic unit of collagen?

A

A trimer of alpha chains. Different alpha chains create different fibers.

41
Q

Starting with alpha chains explain what makes up a collagen fiber?

A

Alpha chain, collagen molecules, collagen fibrils, and then collagen fibers

42
Q

Describe the difference of collagen fibers and elastic fibers that you would see together on a light microscopy slide.

A

Elastic fibers would be thin and branched where the collagen fibers would be thicker and would not branch

43
Q

On an electron microscope describe what a cross section of an elastic fiber and a collagen fiber would look like.

A

The elastic fiber would look more simple like a single piece of copper wire was cut where the collagen fiber would look more like braided rope was cut.

44
Q

What makes up ground substance?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs); Proteoglycans; and multiadhesive glycoproteins

45
Q

What is the largest and most common glycosaminoglycan (GAG)?

A

Hyaluronic acid

46
Q

Why are GAGs so important?

A

They bind water

47
Q

Why can ground tissue support so much pressure?

A

Because of the water bound by GAGs

48
Q

What are the five kinds of adult connective tissue proper?

A

1.loose (areolar); 2.reticular; 3.dense regular; 4.dense irregular; 5.adipose

49
Q

What are the two kinds of specialized adult connective tissue?

A

A.blood; and B.supporting connective tissue (cartilage and bone)

50
Q

What is Wharton’s Jelly?

A

This is the connective tissue of the umbilical cord

51
Q

what are the vessels in the umbilical cord?

A

Two arteries that move deoxygenated blood from the fetus and a vein that moves oxygenated blood to the fetus.

52
Q

What is the most widely distributed connective tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue, areolar

53
Q

What protein fibers are present in loose connective tissue (areolar)?

A

All three, collagen, reticular and elastic

54
Q

What is the ratio of ground substance, cells and fibers in areolar tissue?

A

They are equal 1:1:1

55
Q

What is areolar, loose connective tissue, considered in the body?

A

The universal packing material in the body

56
Q

Is areolar, loose connective tissue vascular or avascular?

A

Very vascularized

57
Q

What is the connective tissue that epithelial mucous membranes sits on?

A

Lamina propria

58
Q

What is the function of loose connective tissue (areolar)?

A

Strength, elasticity, and support

59
Q

What is the main type of collagen associated with loose connective tissue (areolar)?

A

Type one

60
Q

What does reticular connective tissue typically look like?

A

A cherry blossom tree

61
Q

What is the location of reticular fibers?

A

Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

62
Q

Where would one find dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

63
Q

Is dense regular connective tissue vascularized or avascularized?

A

Avascularized

64
Q

What is the function of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Able to withstand tension in all different directions

65
Q

Where would one find dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Dermis of the skin, submucosa of the digestive tract, and fibrous capsules of organs and joints

66
Q

Dense irregular tissue is primarily what type of collagen

A

Type one

67
Q

What are the two types of adipose tissue?

A

White and brown

68
Q

What kind of cell is adipose tissue derived from?

A

Mesenchyme

69
Q

What is the difference in nucleus shape between white and brown adipose tissue?

A

The nucleus is flat in white and round in brown

70
Q

What is the size of a white adipose cell?

A

15-150 micrometers

71
Q

What is the function of white adipose tissue?

A

Energy storage, insulation, cushioning of vital organs, and secretion of hormones

72
Q

Where is brown adipose tissue found in adults?

A

There is very little and it is found in retroperitoneal space, around aorta, neck, mediastinum

Anatomy Test One Material (13 decks)

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