Cardiovascular System Overview Flashcards
What are three important capillary beds to consider?
Systemic, cardiac, and pulmonary
What are the four major components of blood?
RBC, WBC, platelets, and blood
Are veins more superficial than arteries?
Yes
Anteriorly where is the upper limit of the heart located?
The sternal angle
Posteriorly where is the upper limit of the heart located?
The intervertebral disc between T4/T5 vertebrae
Where is the apex of the heart located?
At the 5th intercostal space along the left midclavicular line
Where is the midaxillary line?
An imaginary line that runs up and down the middle of the side of the thorax
What is the midclavicular line?
An imaginary line that runs inferiorly from the middle of the clavicle
From the surface anatomy describe where is the superior border of the heart?
At the 3rd costal cartilage on the right of the sternum and the 2nd intercostal space on the left of the sternum
Describe the flow of blood and its state of oxygenation starting with the left ventricle and ending with the left atrium.
Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle via arteries to capillaries then is deoxygenated and returns via veins to the right atrium then the right ventricle and leaves the heart (still deoxygenated) via artery and goes to the capillaries of the lung where it is oxygenated and returns via veins to the left atrium.
What valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
A tricuspid valve
What valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
The mitral valve
Where do the coronary arteries start?
Before the aortic semilunar valves
Where do the coronary veins drain?
Directly into the right atrium
The right side of the heart is primarily for what?
Pump deoxygenated blood for pulmonary circuit
The left side of the heart is primarily for what?
Pump oxygenated blood for coronary and systemic circuit
Just to the right of the midline there is a large straight vessel superior and inferior to the heart. What is it?
A venous channel ending with the superior and inferior vena cava
Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the tricuspid valve?
Just to the left of the lower part of the sternum near the 5th intercostal space
Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the mitral valve?
Over the apex of the heart in the left 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line
Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the pulmonary valve?
Over the medial end of the L 2nd intercostal space
Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the aortic valve?
Over the medial end of the right 2nd intercostal space
