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Block 1 Week 7 > Nervous System Overview > Flashcards

Nervous System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

The PNS is made up of what?

A

the cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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2
Q

PNS has two different divisions, what are they?

A

sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

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3
Q

What kind of sensory information is this:

touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, and proprioception in skin, body wall, and limbs.

A

general somatic afferent

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4
Q

What kind of sensory information is this: hearing, equilibrium, vision

A

Somatic special afferent

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5
Q

What kind of sensory information is this: Motor innervation of all skeletal muscles

A

General somatic efferent

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6
Q

What kind of sensory information is this: Motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; equivalent to autonomic nervous system (ANS).

A

general visceral efferent

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7
Q

Does the parasympathetic or sympathetic go to body wall structures?

A

sympathetic

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8
Q

The (blank) consists of the spinal cord and brain

A

CNS

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9
Q

the (blank) consists of the nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS

A

PNS

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10
Q

The two types of nerves associated with the PNS are what?

A

spinal and cranial nerves

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11
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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12
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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13
Q

Are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves all the same in what they carry, or all different?

A

Different

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14
Q

Are the 31 pairs of spinal nerves all the same in what they carry or all different?

A

same

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15
Q

What are the two types of neurons of the PNS?

A

sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent) division

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of sensory (afferent) neurons?

A

somatic sensory and visceral sensory

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of motor (efferent) neurons?

A

somatic motor and visceral motor

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18
Q

What are the two types of general visceral motor neurons?

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

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19
Q

(blank) arise from the brain and brainstem

A

cranial nerves

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20
Q

What kind of nerves are cranial nerves?

A

motor and sensory

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21
Q

What are the 6 types of cranial nerves?

A

somatomotor, visceromotor, branchiomotor, somatosensory, special sensory, viscerosensory

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22
Q

spinal nerves are made from the (blank) and (blank) roots of the spinal cord.

A

ventral and dorsal

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23
Q

What is a plexus?

A

where a network of bundle of nerves forms

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24
Q

Some spinal nerves leave the spinal cord and travel alone. What is an example of this?

A

the intercostal nerves

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25
Q

Some spinal nerves merge with adjacent spinal nerves and form a plexus. What is an example of this.

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral

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26
Q

Each segment of the spinal cord gives rise to multiple (blank) and (blank) rootlets which coalesce into what?

A

dorsal and ventral rootlets

spinal nerve

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27
Q

The segmental nature of the spinal cord and the rootlets gives you an idea that each of the spinal nerves is destined to innervate a (blank)

A

particular area of the body

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28
Q

Where are the cell bodies?

A

in the dorsal root ganglia

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29
Q

The crease of the spinal cord is located on the anterior or posterior portion?

A

anterior

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30
Q

ventral roots come from (blank)

A

ventral horn cells

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31
Q

What do ventral roots carry?

A

motor fibers (efferent). somatomotor and in some parts visceromotor

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32
Q

What do people refer to the dorsal root ganglia as?

A

1st order neuron

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33
Q

Dorsal and ventral roots come together to form a (blank). Is the spinal nerve long or short?

A

spinal nerve

short

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34
Q

The spinal nerve gives off its component branches into what?

A

dorsal and ventral rami

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35
Q

Dorsal roots enter the dorsal horn and carry (blank).

A

sensory fibers (afferents)

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36
Q

Cell bodies of sensory fibers are in the (blank).

A

dorsal root ganglion

37
Q

Cell bodies of autonomics (visceromotor) are in the (blank)

A

lateral horn (intermediate gray)

38
Q

cell bodies of somatomotor fibers are in the (blank)

A

ventral horn

39
Q

What kind of information can make the motor neurons fire?

A

higher senses in the brain, reflexes

40
Q

(blank) arise from the brain and brain stem and function in innervation of the eyes, ears, nose, throat, neck and head.

A

Cranial nerves

41
Q

Which part of the nervous system integrates the information it receives and coordinates the activity of the body

A

central nervous system

42
Q

What does this:

i. Its main function is to connect the central nervous system to all the extremities and organs of the body.
ii. It serves as a communication relay between the brain and the extremities.

A

peripheral nervous sytem

43
Q

Branches of the spinal nerve are the (blank)

A

ventral ramus and dorsal ramus

44
Q

(blank) supplies motor and sensory to skin and muscles of trunk and limbs except for the ones the dorsal ramus supplies

A

ventral ramus

45
Q

(blank) supplies motor and sensory to skin of the back and the true back muscles.

A

dorsal ramus

46
Q

True or False:

Spinal nerves do not supply nerves to body cavities, only body wall structures.

A

True

47
Q

(blank) nerves and the vagus nerve supplies nerves to the cavities.

A

splachnic

48
Q

What is another name for the ramus?

A

intercostal nerve

49
Q

small fibers attached to the spinal nerve are known as (blank)

A

communicating rami

50
Q

What serves as a conduit for sympathetic autonomic fibers traveling between the spinal cord where they arise and the sympathetic chain where they sometimes synapse.

A

communicating rami

51
Q

Both branches of the spinal nerve (ventral and dorsal rami) have (blank) on them

A

sympathetic fibers

52
Q

What are incoming nerve fibers called?

What are outgoing nerve fibers called?

A

afferent

efferent

53
Q

all spinal nerves carry (blank) to their targets in the body wall.

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

54
Q

Where are the cell bodies of post ganglionic fibers of sympathetics?

A

in a ganglion in the sympathetic chain or in a prevertebral body below the diaphragm

55
Q

(blank) always have to synapse before they reach their targets. This is unlike somatic motor neurons.

A

autonomic

56
Q

(blank) are defined as the area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve (specifically the cutaneous branch)

A

dermatomes

57
Q 
Where do you find these dermatomes:
C2?
T4?
T10?
S1?
S5?
A 
C2:back of head
T4: nipple line
T10: umbilical line (umbilicus)
S1: lateral side of foot
S5:perianal region
58
Q

What is the most important lateral cutaneous branch?

A

the intercostal brachial branch cuz of its association with breast and medial arm

59
Q

What kinds of fibers (motor or sensory) need to be on the dorsal ramus?

A

All of them!

60
Q

What type of fibers are on the posterior cutaneous branch?

A

The posterior cutaneous has general somatic afferent, and general visceral affarent and general visceral efferent. AND NO general somatic motor efferent!!!!

61
Q

The ventral ramus innervates which areas of the body? It also travels between the two deepest layers of muscles, what are they?

A

Anterior and lateral body

innermost and internal intercostal muscles

62
Q

The ventral ramus laterally gives off a (blank)
The ventral ramus anteriorly gives off (blank)
What does this pattern of innervation hold true for?
What is it responsible for?

A

lateral cutaneous
anterior cutaneous
the body wall of the thoracic and abdominal cavitiy
segmental pattern of innervation called the dermatomal pattern

63
Q

Does parasympathetic or sympathetic go to the body wall and not the body cavities?

A

sympathetic

Parsympathetic goes to body cavities

64
Q

(blank) is defined as the area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve (specifically the cutaneous branch).

A

dermatome

65
Q

(Blank) is an area of distribution of a spinal nerve in a muscle. Not as useful because they migrate.

A

myotome

66
Q

In the region of the (blank) cavities there isn’t a lot of mixing of the fibers of the spinal nerves so one spinal nerve for the most part goes to a single dermatome.

In the region of the (blank), however, a single spinal nerve may send some of its fibers into a plexus which undergoes considerable mixing and then messes everything up.

A

thoracic and abdominal

limbs

67
Q

The plexus ultimately gives off what are called (blank) which as you might imagine can have fibers from many different spinal nerves.
In addition, one (blank) can contribute fibers to many different peripheral nerves.

A

peripheral nerves

spinal nerve

68
Q

The importance of a plexus, for the (blank), is that those muscles originally innervated by a spinal nerve, are now getting innervation from many peripheral nerves

A

myotome

69
Q

The important of a plexus for a (blank) is that a different number of dermatomes may be encompassed by one peripheral nerve

A

dermatome (ex, radial nerve has fibers from 5 different dermatomes)

70
Q

What are the two division of the autonomic nervous system?

A

parasympathetic (active in normal conditions)

sympathetic (active in high stress conditions)

71
Q

What does the ANS require to get to a target?

A

preganglionic and postganglionic

72
Q

What is the most important job of the ANS?

A

regulation of blood flow

73
Q

Is the ANS defined as a motor system?

A

Yes but it does involve some sensory

74
Q

What is the parasympathetic system also know as?
Parasympathetic nerves exit the CNS via (blank) or through the (blank) of S 2-4
Where is the cell body of these located?

A

Cranio-sacral system
cranial nerves, ventral root
In the intermediate gray of cord.

75
Q

What is the cranial nerve carrying parasympathetics called?

A

the vagus nerve

76
Q

The second neuron (ganglion) of the parasympathetic division is where and what is its structure?

A

its in or near the wall of the organ. Has long preganglionic and short post

77
Q

What does this describe:

	iii. Only innervates viscera in body cavities, glands in the head, the eye and erectile tio the ssue.
		iv. Has nothing to do with blood flow to skeletal muscle or the innervation of the body wall (therefore not present on spinal nerves)
A

parasympathetic system

78
Q

where does the sympathetic nerve exit the cord?
Where do they synapse?
What is its structure?

A 
the ventral root
sympathetic chain (targets above diaphragm) or prevertebral ganglia (targets below diaphragm)

Tend to have shorter preganglia and longer post ganglia

79
Q

(blank) contains all the cell bodies of all afferent sensory neurons

A

dorsal root ganglion

80
Q

(blank) is a collection of ganglia and pre- and post-ganglionic fibers that lie alongside of the vertebral bodies. The chain runs the entire length of the vertebral column despite the fact that the sympathetic nerves only come from T1-L2 levels.

A

sympathetic chain ganglion

81
Q

(blank) is a group of nerve cell bodies of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS that lie near or within the organs that they innervate

A

Terminal ganglion of parasympathetic system

82
Q

(blank) is a group of nerve cell bodies that lie between the sympathetic chain and the organ to which they supply.

A

preaortic/prevertebral ganglia of sympathetic system

83
Q

What does the terminal ganglion of the parasympathetic system and the preaortic/preverterbal ganglia of the sympathetic system have in common?

A

both are a structure where their preganglionic neurons synapse with their postganglionic counterpart

84
Q

What do not require the brain, they happen at a local level and can be overridden by higher centers of control
- tells a motor neuron what to do via a direct stimulus to a sensory neuron

A

reflex

85
Q

what kind of control involves the brain and peripheral nerves.

A

supraspinal

86
Q

what division of the Autonomic nervous system has nothing to do with blood flow to skeletal muscles or the innervation of the the body wall, so do not travel on branches of spinal nerves?

A

parasympathetic

87
Q

What allows preganglionic to get from the spinal cord into the chain and postganglionic get back from the chain to the spinal cord?

A

communicating ramis

88
Q

Because the sympathetic chain is connected to every spinal nerve by at least one (blank) it is seen running the entire distance of the vertebral column. Chain ganglia are prominent and frequent in the (blank) regions, but less frequent in the (blank)

A

communicating ramus
thoracic and lumbar
cervical and sacral areas.

Block 1 Week 7 (10 decks)

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