Nervous System Organisation Flashcards
Which nerves travel from the CNS to the periphery?
Efferents (motor)
Which nerves travel to the brain from the periphery
Afferents (sensory)
What does the CNS consist of?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord
What is the main effector of the somatic nervous system?
Skeletal muscle (via motoneurones)
The autonomic nervous system effects…?
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands (via ganglia and nerves)
Afferent neurones’ cell body is located where?
In the PNS
Afferent neurones emit which neurotransmitter?
Glutamate (GABA if inhibitory)
Efferent neurones have their cell body located where?
In the CNS
Efferent neurones emit which neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
In the CNS, a bundle of cell bodies are known as?
A nucleus
In the CNS, functionally related axons are termed?
A tract
In the PNS, cell bodies are known as?
Ganglions
In the PNS, functionally related axons are called?
A nerve
The autonomic nervous system regulates which bodily functions?
Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, gut movements
The autonomic nervous system is split into what two categories?
The sympathetic and parasympathetic
The ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system are located where?
Close to the CNS (short presynaptic axon)
The presynaptic terminal of the sympathetic nervous system releases what neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
The post synaptic terminal of the sympathetic nervous system releases what neurotransmitter?
Noradrenaline (to alpha or beta receptors)
The ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system are located where?
Close to the PNS target (long presynaptic axon)
The presynaptic terminal of the parasympathetic nervous system releases what neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine (nicotinic receptors)
The post synaptic terminal of the parasympathetic nervous system releases what neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine (muscarinic receptors)
Oligodendrocytes have what function, and where?
Myelination in the CNS
What is the function of astrocytes?
Repair cells in the CNS
What function so micro glia have?
Act as immune cells in the CNS, removing debris
How and where to Schwann cells act?
Cause myelination in the PNS
What is the function of satellite cells?
Act as repairing cells in the PNS
