Memory And Learning

Question 0

Short term memory can be divided based on it’s duration. What are the most short term branches?

Answer 0

Sensory memory, iconic memory and echoic memory

Question 1

What are the 5 key aspects if memory?

Answer 1

Learning, encoding, storage, memory and retrieval

Question 2

What is the short term memory often referred to as?

Answer 2

The working model if memory

Question 3

How much information can be stored in the working memory?

Answer 3

7+/-2 items

Question 4

How is information from the working memory transferred to long term memory?

Answer 4

It is encoded via rehearsal

Question 5

What does the central executive centre regulate?

Answer 5

The visuospatial sketch pad and the phonological loop

Question 6

Where is the visuospatial sketch pad situated in the brain?

Answer 6

In the parieto-occipital regions in the right hemisphere

Question 7

Where is the phonological loop situated in the brain?

Answer 7

On the supramarginal gyrus in the left premotor region

Question 8

How is the long term memory divided?

Answer 8

Declarative (explicit) and non-declarative

Question 9

Declarative information falls into what two categories?

Answer 9

Episodic or semantic

Question 10

What is a flashbulb memory?

Answer 10

A clear, long term memory that lacks accuracy due to incorporation of other events

Question 11

What area of the brain is responsible for the formation and encoding of long term memories?

Answer 11

The hippocampus, mammillary bodies, dorsal thalamus and rhinal cortex

Question 12

Which brain regions are involved in long term memory storage?

Answer 12

The neocortex, namely the frontal cortices in the dorsolateral and anterolateral aspects

Question 13

How can smells evoke certain memories?

Answer 13

The olfactory cortex is linked I the hippocampus and amygdala

Question 14

What is synaptic plasticity and how is it achieved?

Answer 14

Alternation of synapses in the brain due to memory training

Question 15

Why does memory recall decrease with age?

Answer 15

Because the number of synaptic connections reduces

Question 16

Non declarative memory is also known as what?

Answer 16

Procedural or implicit

Question 17

Non declarative memory can be non associative, what does this involve?

Answer 17

Habitlation (decrease motor response) or sensitisation (increase motor response)

Question 18

Non declarative associative memory includes what?

Answer 18

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning

Question 19

What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Answer 19

Classical is the association if two stimuli, whereas operant is the association of a motor action with reward

Question 20

Non declarative memory is association with which brain regions?

Answer 20

Basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, sensory association cortex and cerebellum

Question 21

What is amnesia?

Answer 21

The process if forgetting due to a pathological defect

Question 22

If a patient can no longer form new memories, there are said to have what?

Answer 22

Anterograde amnesia

Question 23

When a patient struggles to retrieve old memories, they are diagnosed with what?

Answer 23

Retrograde amnesia

Question 24

What affect does potentiation in CA1 of the hippocampus have?

Answer 24

Enhancement of synaptic strength

Question 25

What is the cause of a decrease in synaptic strength?

Answer 25

The depression if the hippocampal CA1

Question 26

How is the hippocampal CA1 mediated?

Answer 26

Postsynaptic NMDA receptor and intracellular signals

Question 27

Depression of what brain region is implicated in procedural memory?

Answer 27

Cerebellum purkinje fibres mediated by AMPA receptors