Memory And Learning Flashcards
Short term memory can be divided based on it’s duration. What are the most short term branches?
Sensory memory, iconic memory and echoic memory
What are the 5 key aspects if memory?
Learning, encoding, storage, memory and retrieval
What is the short term memory often referred to as?
The working model if memory
How much information can be stored in the working memory?
7+/-2 items
How is information from the working memory transferred to long term memory?
It is encoded via rehearsal
What does the central executive centre regulate?
The visuospatial sketch pad and the phonological loop
Where is the visuospatial sketch pad situated in the brain?
In the parieto-occipital regions in the right hemisphere
Where is the phonological loop situated in the brain?
On the supramarginal gyrus in the left premotor region
How is the long term memory divided?
Declarative (explicit) and non-declarative
Declarative information falls into what two categories?
Episodic or semantic
What is a flashbulb memory?
A clear, long term memory that lacks accuracy due to incorporation of other events
What area of the brain is responsible for the formation and encoding of long term memories?
The hippocampus, mammillary bodies, dorsal thalamus and rhinal cortex
Which brain regions are involved in long term memory storage?
The neocortex, namely the frontal cortices in the dorsolateral and anterolateral aspects
How can smells evoke certain memories?
The olfactory cortex is linked I the hippocampus and amygdala
What is synaptic plasticity and how is it achieved?
Alternation of synapses in the brain due to memory training
Why does memory recall decrease with age?
Because the number of synaptic connections reduces
Non declarative memory is also known as what?
Procedural or implicit
Non declarative memory can be non associative, what does this involve?
Habitlation (decrease motor response) or sensitisation (increase motor response)
Non declarative associative memory includes what?
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Classical is the association if two stimuli, whereas operant is the association of a motor action with reward
Non declarative memory is association with which brain regions?
Basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, sensory association cortex and cerebellum
What is amnesia?
The process if forgetting due to a pathological defect
If a patient can no longer form new memories, there are said to have what?
Anterograde amnesia
When a patient struggles to retrieve old memories, they are diagnosed with what?
Retrograde amnesia
What affect does potentiation in CA1 of the hippocampus have?
Enhancement of synaptic strength
What is the cause of a decrease in synaptic strength?
The depression if the hippocampal CA1
How is the hippocampal CA1 mediated?
Postsynaptic NMDA receptor and intracellular signals
Depression of what brain region is implicated in procedural memory?
Cerebellum purkinje fibres mediated by AMPA receptors
