Association Cortices

Question 0

How do association cortices receive inputs?

Answer 0

From other cortical areas via ipsilateral or interhemispheric cortic-cortical connections

Question 1

What are the association cortices?

Answer 1

Frontal, temporal and parietal lobes

Question 2

Where does the highly processed information, received by the association cortices come from?

Answer 2

From primary sensory or motor areas via the thalamic nuclei

Question 3

What are the thalamic nuclei?

Answer 3

Pulvinar nucleus, medial dorsal nucleus, anterior nucleus and ventral anterior nucleus

Question 4

Which neurones provide the association cortices with au cortical inputs?

Answer 4

Dopaminergic neurones (midbrain), NA and 5-HT neurones (reticular formation) and cholinergic neurones (brainstem/basal forebrain)

Question 5

Define attention.

Answer 5

Selectively processing simultaneous sources of information

Question 6

What is covert shifting?

Answer 6

The ability to listen to one conversation and engage in another

Question 7

What are the characteristics of ADHD?

Answer 7

Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness

Question 8

What brain differences are present in ADHD suffers?

Answer 8

Posses a smaller prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia

Question 9

What causes contralateral neglect syndrome?

Answer 9

Lesions to the right parietal cortex

Question 10

Inability to attend objects in space and stimuli on one side of the body are symptoms of what syndrome?

Answer 10

Contralateral neglect syndrome

Question 11

Balints syndrome is caused by what?

Answer 11

A lesion to the parietal cortex

Question 12

What are the visuospatial deficits that are associated with balints syndrome?

Answer 12

Simultanagnosia (whole scene), optic ataxia (visual reaching) and ocular apraxia (scanning scenes)

Question 13

What are the 3 steps in emotional processing?

Answer 13

Evaluation, experience and expression

Question 14

How can an emotional response be presented?

Answer 14

Behavioural, autonomic or hormonal

Question 15

Which system is involved in processing emotions?

Answer 15

The Limbic system, including amygdala, cribitofrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, thalamus and ventral basal ganglia

Question 16

An inability for recognise the facial expression of fear is due to what disorder?

Answer 16

Bilateral degenerative disease

Question 17

Which association cortices are considered where language is involved?

Answer 17

The association cortices of the left hemisphere

Question 18

The production of language is controlled by which brain region?

Answer 18

The Broca’s area in the left frontal cortex

Question 19

The understanding of language is possible due to which brain region?

Answer 19

The Wernickes area in the left temporal cortex

Question 20

What is aphasia?

Answer 20

Damage to specific brain regions compromising language function

Question 21

Motor or expressive aphasia is due to what disorder?

Answer 21

Broca’s aphasia

Question 22

Sensory or receptive aphasia is the result if which disorder?

Answer 22

Wernickes aphasia

Question 23

How is conduction aphasia caused and characterised?

Answer 23

Lesion of the language centre pathways causes a difficulty repeating words

Question 24

What does the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex process?

Answer 24

Initiation and shifting of behaviour, inhibiting behaviour and stimulating behaviour consequences

Question 25

Inhibition of socially inappropriate behaviour and sensitivity to action consequences are controlled why which brain region?

Answer 25

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Question 26

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage leads to what?

Answer 26

Inconsiderate, socially inept behaviour