Association Cortices Flashcards
How do association cortices receive inputs?
From other cortical areas via ipsilateral or interhemispheric cortic-cortical connections
What are the association cortices?
Frontal, temporal and parietal lobes
Where does the highly processed information, received by the association cortices come from?
From primary sensory or motor areas via the thalamic nuclei
What are the thalamic nuclei?
Pulvinar nucleus, medial dorsal nucleus, anterior nucleus and ventral anterior nucleus
Which neurones provide the association cortices with au cortical inputs?
Dopaminergic neurones (midbrain), NA and 5-HT neurones (reticular formation) and cholinergic neurones (brainstem/basal forebrain)
Define attention.
Selectively processing simultaneous sources of information
What is covert shifting?
The ability to listen to one conversation and engage in another
What are the characteristics of ADHD?
Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness
What brain differences are present in ADHD suffers?
Posses a smaller prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia
What causes contralateral neglect syndrome?
Lesions to the right parietal cortex
Inability to attend objects in space and stimuli on one side of the body are symptoms of what syndrome?
Contralateral neglect syndrome
Balints syndrome is caused by what?
A lesion to the parietal cortex
What are the visuospatial deficits that are associated with balints syndrome?
Simultanagnosia (whole scene), optic ataxia (visual reaching) and ocular apraxia (scanning scenes)
What are the 3 steps in emotional processing?
Evaluation, experience and expression
How can an emotional response be presented?
Behavioural, autonomic or hormonal
Which system is involved in processing emotions?
The Limbic system, including amygdala, cribitofrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, thalamus and ventral basal ganglia
An inability for recognise the facial expression of fear is due to what disorder?
Bilateral degenerative disease
Which association cortices are considered where language is involved?
The association cortices of the left hemisphere
The production of language is controlled by which brain region?
The Broca’s area in the left frontal cortex
The understanding of language is possible due to which brain region?
The Wernickes area in the left temporal cortex
What is aphasia?
Damage to specific brain regions compromising language function
Motor or expressive aphasia is due to what disorder?
Broca’s aphasia
Sensory or receptive aphasia is the result if which disorder?
Wernickes aphasia
How is conduction aphasia caused and characterised?
Lesion of the language centre pathways causes a difficulty repeating words
What does the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex process?
Initiation and shifting of behaviour, inhibiting behaviour and stimulating behaviour consequences
Inhibition of socially inappropriate behaviour and sensitivity to action consequences are controlled why which brain region?
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage leads to what?
Inconsiderate, socially inept behaviour
