nervous system: intro Flashcards
what are the 3 general functions of the nervous system
- collect information
- process and evaluate information
- initiate response to information
how does the nervous system collect information
using receptors which are specialized structures which detect stimuli
how does the nervous system process and evaluate information
the brain and spinal cord determine what response, if needed
how does the nervous system initiate response to information
the brain and spinal cord initiate a response as motor information is relayed to effectors
what do effectors include
- all 3 types of muscle tissue
- glands
what are the 2 structural classifications of the nervous system
- central nervous system (CNS)
- peripheral nervous system (PNS)
what structures compose the central nervous system
- brain
- skull
what structures compose the peripheral nervous system
- nerves
- ganglia
what are nerves
bundles of axon within the PNS
what are ganglia
clusters of neuron cell bodies located along the nerves in the PNS
what are the 2 functional divisions of the nervous system
- sensory nervous system
- motor nervous system
what is the afferent nervous system
sensory nervous system
what is the sensory nervous system responsible for (2)
- receiving sensory information from receptors detecting stimuli
- transmitting information to CNS
what is sensory input
information from receptors to the CNS
what are the 2 subdivisions of the sensory nervous system
- somatic sensory
- visceral sensory
what do the somatic sensory components detect
stimuli that we can consciously perceive
what are 2 examples of receptors of the somatic sensory nervous system
- receptors associated with the 5 senses
- proprioreceptors in joints and muscle detcting body position
what do the somatic sensory components detect
stimuli that we typically don’t consciously perceive
what do visceral receptors detect
chemical composition of blood or stretch of an organ wall
what is the efferent nervous system
motor nervous system
what does the efferent nervous system control
effectors
what is the efferent system responsible for
initiating and transmitting motor information from the CNS to the effectors
what is information from the CNS to effectors called
motor output
what are the 2 subdivisions of the motor nervous system
- somatic
- autonomic
which subdivision of the motor nervous system can be controlled consciously
somatic motor
what are the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic motor nervous system
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
what are the 3 connective tissue layers of a nerve and what connective tissue are they made of
- epineurium: dense irregular
- perineurium: dense irregular
- endoneurium: areolar
what is the structural classification of nerves based upon
the CNS component from which the nerve extends
- brain: cranial nerves
- spine: spinal nerves
what are the 3 functional classifications of nerves
- sensory nerves
- motor nerves
- mixed nerves: contain both sensory and motor nerves
what nerves are mixed nerves
most nerves
- all spinal nerves
- most cranial nerves
