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biol2480 > axial and appendicular skeleton > Flashcards

axial and appendicular skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 division which the skeletal system can be organized into

A
  • axial skeleton

- appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

what is the main function of the axial skeleton

A

form a framework that supports and protects the organs

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3
Q

what does the spongy bone in the axial skeleton have

A

hemopoietic tissue responsible for blood formation

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4
Q

what are 4 examples of bones of the axial skeleton

A
  • skull
  • vertebral column
  • ribs
  • sternum
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5
Q

where can the bones of the axial skeleton be found

A

along the central axis of the body

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6
Q

what are the 4 examples of the bones of the appendicular skeleton

A
  • bones of the upper limbs
  • bones of the lower limbs
  • pectoral girdle
  • pelvic girdle
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7
Q

what are the 4 articulating surface markings

A
  • condyle
  • facet
  • head
  • trochlea
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8
Q

describe a condyle surface marking

A

large, smooth, rounded, oval structure

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9
Q

describe a facet surface marking

A

small, flat, shallow surface

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10
Q

describe a head surface marking

A

prominent, rounded epiphysis

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11
Q

describe a trochlea surface marking

A

smooth, grooved, pulleylike process

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12
Q

what are the 3 depression surface markings

A
  • alveolus
  • fossa
  • sulcus
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13
Q

describe an alveolus surface marking

A

deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible

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14
Q

describe a fossa surface marking

A

flattened or shallow depression

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15
Q

describe a sulcus surface marking

A

narrow grove

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16
Q

what are the 9 projections for tendon and ligament attachment surface markings

A
  • crest
  • epicondyle
  • line
  • process
  • ramus
  • spine
  • trochanter
  • tubercle
  • tuberosity
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17
Q

describe a crest surface marking

A

narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection

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18
Q

describe an epicondyle surface marking

A

projection adjacent to a condyle

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19
Q

describe a line surface marking

A

low ridge

20
Q

describe a process surface marking

A

any marked bony prominence

21
Q

describe a ramus surface marking

A

angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure

22
Q

describe a spine surface marking

A

pointed, slender process

23
Q

describe a trochanter surface marking

A

massive, rough projection found only on the femur

24
Q

describe a tubercle surface marking

A

small, round, projection

25
Q

describe a tuberosity surface marking

A

large, rough projection

26
Q

what are the 5 openings and spaces surface markings

A
  • canal
  • fissure
  • foramen
  • meatus
  • sinus
27
Q

describe a canal surface marking

A

passageway through a bone

28
Q

describe a fissure surface marking

A

narrow, slitlike opening through a bone

29
Q

describe a foramen surface marking

A

rounded passageway through a bone

30
Q

describe a meatus surface marking

A

passageway through a bone

31
Q

describe a sinus surface marking

A

cavity or hollow space in a bone

32
Q

what are the 2 types of bones of the skull

A
  • cranial bones

- facial bones

33
Q

what do the cranial bones form

A

the rounded cranium

34
Q

what does the cranium surround and enclose

A

the brain

35
Q

how many bones does the cranium consist of

A

8

36
Q

what are the 2 parts of the cranium

A

roof and base

37
Q

what is the roof of the cranium called

A

calvaria

38
Q

what is the calvaria composed of (3)

A
  • part of the frontal bone
  • the parietal bones
  • part of the occipital bone
39
Q

what is the base of the cranium composed of (4)

A 
portions of the
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- occipital
- temporal
bones
40
Q

what do facial bones protect

A

entrances to the digestive and respiratory systems

41
Q

what do the facial bones give (5)

A
  • shape and individuality of the face
  • form part of the orbit and nasal cavities
  • support the teeth
  • provide for the attachment of muscles involved in facial expression
  • mastication (chewing)
42
Q

how many facial bones are there

A

14

43
Q

what are the 14 facial bones

A 
paired
- zygomatic bones
- lacrimal bones
- nasal bones
- inferior nasal conchae
- palatine bones
- maxillae
unpaired
- vomer
- mandible
44
Q

what is the cranial cavity also known as

A

endocranium

45
Q

what does the endocranium do

A

encloses, protects and supports the brain

46
Q

what is the volume of an adult cranial cavity

A
  • approx 1300 to 1500 cubic centimeters

- or about 50 fluid ounces

biol2480 (15 decks)

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