axial and appendicular skeleton Flashcards
what are the 2 division which the skeletal system can be organized into
- axial skeleton
- appendicular skeleton
what is the main function of the axial skeleton
form a framework that supports and protects the organs
what does the spongy bone in the axial skeleton have
hemopoietic tissue responsible for blood formation
what are 4 examples of bones of the axial skeleton
- skull
- vertebral column
- ribs
- sternum
where can the bones of the axial skeleton be found
along the central axis of the body
what are the 4 examples of the bones of the appendicular skeleton
- bones of the upper limbs
- bones of the lower limbs
- pectoral girdle
- pelvic girdle
what are the 4 articulating surface markings
- condyle
- facet
- head
- trochlea
describe a condyle surface marking
large, smooth, rounded, oval structure
describe a facet surface marking
small, flat, shallow surface
describe a head surface marking
prominent, rounded epiphysis
describe a trochlea surface marking
smooth, grooved, pulleylike process
what are the 3 depression surface markings
- alveolus
- fossa
- sulcus
describe an alveolus surface marking
deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible
describe a fossa surface marking
flattened or shallow depression
describe a sulcus surface marking
narrow grove
what are the 9 projections for tendon and ligament attachment surface markings
- crest
- epicondyle
- line
- process
- ramus
- spine
- trochanter
- tubercle
- tuberosity
describe a crest surface marking
narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection
describe an epicondyle surface marking
projection adjacent to a condyle
describe a line surface marking
low ridge
describe a process surface marking
any marked bony prominence
describe a ramus surface marking
angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure
describe a spine surface marking
pointed, slender process
describe a trochanter surface marking
massive, rough projection found only on the femur
describe a tubercle surface marking
small, round, projection
describe a tuberosity surface marking
large, rough projection
what are the 5 openings and spaces surface markings
- canal
- fissure
- foramen
- meatus
- sinus
describe a canal surface marking
passageway through a bone
describe a fissure surface marking
narrow, slitlike opening through a bone
describe a foramen surface marking
rounded passageway through a bone
describe a meatus surface marking
passageway through a bone
describe a sinus surface marking
cavity or hollow space in a bone
what are the 2 types of bones of the skull
- cranial bones
- facial bones
what do the cranial bones form
the rounded cranium
what does the cranium surround and enclose
the brain
how many bones does the cranium consist of
8
what are the 2 parts of the cranium
roof and base
what is the roof of the cranium called
calvaria
what is the calvaria composed of (3)
- part of the frontal bone
- the parietal bones
- part of the occipital bone
what is the base of the cranium composed of (4)
portions of the - ethmoid - sphenoid - occipital - temporal bones
what do facial bones protect
entrances to the digestive and respiratory systems
what do the facial bones give (5)
- shape and individuality of the face
- form part of the orbit and nasal cavities
- support the teeth
- provide for the attachment of muscles involved in facial expression
- mastication (chewing)
how many facial bones are there
14
what are the 14 facial bones
paired - zygomatic bones - lacrimal bones - nasal bones - inferior nasal conchae - palatine bones - maxillae unpaired - vomer - mandible
what is the cranial cavity also known as
endocranium
what does the endocranium do
encloses, protects and supports the brain
what is the volume of an adult cranial cavity
- approx 1300 to 1500 cubic centimeters
- or about 50 fluid ounces
