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Nervous System - CTL Flashcards

wk 8

1
Q

What are the three functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory, integrative and motor

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2
Q

Describe the motor functions of the nervous system

A

Control of voluntary effectors (skeletal muscles) and mediation of voluntary reflexes.

Conscious thought, perception, emotions, personality and the mind

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3
Q

What are the three functional classes of neurons?

A

sensory, motor and interneurons

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4
Q

What are the properties of sensory neurons?

A

Afferent = transmit impulses TOWARDS the CNS

devoid of dendrites and presynaptic inputs

located in adj to spinal cord

peripheral ending of axon = sensory receptor

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5
Q

What are the properties of motor neurons?

A

carry impulses away from the CNS

Receive many inputs to influence neuron output to effector organ

Structure

Cell bodies in CNS

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6
Q

What are the properties of interneurons?

A

connect between neurons in CNS pathway

Structure
99% of neurons

Entirely in CNS

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7
Q

Where are the sensory receptors of a neuron?

A

in sensory neurons: peripheral ending of axon is modified as a sensory receptor

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8
Q

The more complex the action =

A

More interneurons interposed between afferent and efferent neurons

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9
Q

How are fibres classified?

A

according to the direction they transmit impulses?

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10
Q

Nerves can be a mixture of fibres. True or False?

A

True - Most nerves are a mic: afferent and efferent fibers and somatic and autonomic fibers. Pure nerves are rare

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11
Q

What are the properties of Group A fibres?

A

Large diameter

Myelinated somatic sensory and motor fibers of the skin, skeletal muscles and joints

Transmit up to 150m/s

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12
Q

What are the properties of Group B fibres?

A

Intermediate diameter

Lightly myelinated

Transmit 15m/s

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13
Q

What are the four types of Group A fibres?

A

A-a
A-b
A-y
A-8

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14
Q

What is the function of A-a fibres?

A

somatic motoneurons

Proprioception

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15
Q

What is the function of A-b fibres?

A

touch and pressure

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16
Q

What is the function of A-y fibers?

A

motor to muscle

spindles

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17
Q

What is the function of A-delta fibers?

A

pain, cold and touch

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18
Q

What is the function of Group B fibres?

A

Preganglionic autonomic

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19
Q

What is a postganglion neuron?

A

begins in ganglion and travels to the smooth muscle or gland that is been innervated

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20
Q

What is a preganglionic neuron?

A

originated in CNS and travels from here to a ganglion.

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21
Q

What are the 5 general components of a neural reflex arc?

A

Sensory receptor : site of stimulus action

Sensory neuron : transmits afferent impulses to CNS

Integrating Centre : either monosynaptic or polysynaptic region within CNS

Motor Neuron: conducts efferent impulses from integration center to effector organ

Effector: muscle fibre/ gland cell responds by contracting or secreting

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22
Q

Where is the integrating sensor in the patellar reflex?

A

Spinal cord

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23
Q

Where is the sensory receptor in the patellar reflex?

A

muscle spindle

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24
Q

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

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25
What is the PNS composed of? What is it's purpose?
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves communication lines between the CNS and rest of the body
26
What are the two divisions of the PNS?
Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent) divisions
27
what are the two fibres of the sensory division?
somatic and visceral
28
What are the two systems of the motor division?
Somatic nervous system (SNS) and Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
29
Describe the Somatic nervous system.
Voluntary = somatic motor conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles axons exrend from CNS to effector
30
Describe the ANS.
Involuntary = visceral motor impulses from CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and glands regulates internal environment without conscious control
31
What are the 4 main regions of the brain
cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brain Stem and Cerebellum
32
What is the surface layer of the cerebrum called?
cerebral cortex 
33
What are the primary functions of the cerebrum?
Processes sensory and motor information Site of conscious thought, sensation, intellect, memory and complex movements
34
Where is the Diencephalon?
On top of the brainstem, enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres
35
What is the primary function of the thalamus?
Relay station for sensory impulses passing into the cortex
36
What are the two main parts of the Diencephalon region?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
37
What are the primary functions of the hypothalamus?
Regulates autonomic function, body temp, fluid and hormone release to maintain homeostasis
38
what are the three components of the brainstem?
pons, medulla oblongata and midbrain
39
What are the major functions of the brain stem?
Reflex center: vision and hearing Consciousness, sleep/wake cycle Autonomic control of cardiovascular system Respiratory rhythm Convey ascending and descending information
40
What is the effector of the somatic nervous system
skeletal muscle
41
what is the functional role and structure of somatic nervous system?
stimulatory heavy myelinated axon
42
What are the two componets of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
43
What is the function of the ANS?
Stimulatory/ inhibitory- depends on neurotransmitters and receptors of effector
44
what is the NT effector of the somatic nervous system?
ACh
45
What is the NT effectors of the parasympathetic ANS?
ACh
46
What do all Somatic nervous system Neurons release?
ACh to activate nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle
47
What is the neurotransmitter of sympathetic?
Norepinephrine
48
what are the actions of interneurons?
neural circuit= flow of signals between sensory and motor neurons
49
what type of fibres are somatic and autonomic?
visceral
50
how are nerve fibres classified?
according to their diameter. A, B or C
51
How fast can Group A fibres transmit and why?
150m/s due to large diameter and myelinated neurons
52
What is the diameter of: A-a A-b A-y A-gamma
a= 12-20 b= 5-12 y=3-6 gamma= 2.5
53
what is the diameter of Group B fibers?
less than 3
54
what is the diameter of Group C fibres for pain and temperature?
0/4-1.2
55
what is the diameter of Group C fibres for postganglionic autonomic?
0.3-1.3
56
What is the Autonomic nervous system?
Division of motor neurons that: supplies smooth, cardiac muscle and glands regulates internal environment and is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
57
What is the fight or flight response?
sympathetic
58
what is the rest and digest respomse?
parasympathetic
59
Do symapthetic and parasympathetic divisions act antagonistically or agonistically?
antagonistically = opposite effects
60
what are the two responses in the patellar reflex?
Positive response: quadricep contracts reduction of MP: hamstring relaxes because when there is a reduction of MP it becomes less likely to fire a AP
61
What is the overall function of the sympathetic division?
mobilizes body systems during activity
62
what is the overall function of the parasympathetic division?
conserves energy and pormotes house-keeping functions at rest
63
What do all somatic motor neurons release and what does it do?
all release acetylcholine to activate nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle.

CTL (11 decks)

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