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CTL > Nervous System - CTL > Flashcards

Nervous System - CTL Flashcards

wk 8

1
Q

What are the three functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory, integrative and motor

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2
Q

Describe the motor functions of the nervous system

A

Control of voluntary effectors (skeletal muscles) and mediation of voluntary reflexes.

Conscious thought, perception, emotions, personality and the mind

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3
Q

What are the three functional classes of neurons?

A

sensory, motor and interneurons

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4
Q

What are the properties of sensory neurons?

A

Afferent = transmit impulses TOWARDS the CNS

devoid of dendrites and presynaptic inputs

located in adj to spinal cord

peripheral ending of axon = sensory receptor

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5
Q

What are the properties of motor neurons?

A

carry impulses away from the CNS

Receive many inputs to influence neuron output to effector organ

Structure

Cell bodies in CNS

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6
Q

What are the properties of interneurons?

A

connect between neurons in CNS pathway

Structure
99% of neurons

Entirely in CNS

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7
Q

Where are the sensory receptors of a neuron?

A

in sensory neurons: peripheral ending of axon is modified as a sensory receptor

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8
Q

The more complex the action =

A

More interneurons interposed between afferent and efferent neurons

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9
Q

How are fibres classified?

A

according to the direction they transmit impulses?

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10
Q

Nerves can be a mixture of fibres. True or False?

A

True - Most nerves are a mic: afferent and efferent fibers and somatic and autonomic fibers. Pure nerves are rare

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11
Q

What are the properties of Group A fibres?

A

Large diameter

Myelinated somatic sensory and motor fibers of the skin, skeletal muscles and joints

Transmit up to 150m/s

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12
Q

What are the properties of Group B fibres?

A

Intermediate diameter

Lightly myelinated

Transmit 15m/s

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13
Q

What are the four types of Group A fibres?

A

A-a
A-b
A-y
A-8

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14
Q

What is the function of A-a fibres?

A

somatic motoneurons

Proprioception

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15
Q

What is the function of A-b fibres?

A

touch and pressure

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16
Q

What is the function of A-y fibers?

A

motor to muscle

spindles

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17
Q

What is the function of A-delta fibers?

A

pain, cold and touch

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18
Q

What is the function of Group B fibres?

A

Preganglionic autonomic

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19
Q

What is a postganglion neuron?

A

begins in ganglion and travels to the smooth muscle or gland that is been innervated

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20
Q

What is a preganglionic neuron?

A

originated in CNS and travels from here to a ganglion.

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21
Q

What are the 5 general components of a neural reflex arc?

A

Sensory receptor : site of stimulus action

Sensory neuron : transmits afferent impulses to CNS

Integrating Centre : either monosynaptic or polysynaptic region within CNS

Motor Neuron: conducts efferent impulses from integration center to effector organ

Effector: muscle fibre/ gland cell responds by contracting or secreting

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22
Q

Where is the integrating sensor in the patellar reflex?

A

Spinal cord

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23
Q

Where is the sensory receptor in the patellar reflex?

A

muscle spindle

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24
Q

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

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25
Q

What is the PNS composed of? What is it’s purpose?

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

communication lines between the CNS and rest of the body

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26
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent) divisions

27
Q

what are the two fibres of the sensory division?

A

somatic and visceral

28
Q

What are the two systems of the motor division?

A

Somatic nervous system (SNS) and Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

29
Q

Describe the Somatic nervous system.

A

Voluntary = somatic motor

conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

axons exrend from CNS to effector

30
Q

Describe the ANS.

A

Involuntary = visceral motor

impulses from CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and glands

regulates internal environment

without conscious control

31
Q

What are the 4 main regions of the brain

A

cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brain Stem and Cerebellum

32
Q

What is the surface layer of the cerebrum called?

A

cerebral cortex

33
Q

What are the primary functions of the cerebrum?

A

Processes sensory and motor information

Site of conscious thought, sensation, intellect, memory and complex movements

34
Q

Where is the Diencephalon?

A

On top of the brainstem, enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres

35
Q

What is the primary function of the thalamus?

A

Relay station for sensory impulses passing into the cortex

36
Q

What are the two main parts of the Diencephalon region?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

37
Q

What are the primary functions of the hypothalamus?

A

Regulates autonomic function, body temp, fluid and hormone release to maintain homeostasis

38
Q

what are the three components of the brainstem?

A

pons, medulla oblongata and midbrain

39
Q

What are the major functions of the brain stem?

A

Reflex center: vision and hearing

Consciousness, sleep/wake cycle

Autonomic control of cardiovascular system

Respiratory rhythm

Convey ascending and descending information

40
Q

What is the effector of the somatic nervous system

A

skeletal muscle

41
Q

what is the functional role and structure of somatic nervous system?

A

stimulatory

heavy myelinated axon

42
Q

What are the two componets of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

43
Q

What is the function of the ANS?

A

Stimulatory/ inhibitory- depends on neurotransmitters and receptors of effector

44
Q

what is the NT effector of the somatic nervous system?

A

ACh

45
Q

What is the NT effectors of the parasympathetic ANS?

A

ACh

46
Q

What do all Somatic nervous system Neurons release?

A

ACh to activate nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle

47
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of sympathetic?

A

Norepinephrine

48
Q

what are the actions of interneurons?

A

neural circuit= flow of signals between sensory and motor neurons

49
Q

what type of fibres are somatic and autonomic?

A

visceral

50
Q

how are nerve fibres classified?

A

according to their diameter. A, B or C

51
Q

How fast can Group A fibres transmit and why?

A

150m/s due to large diameter and myelinated neurons

52
Q

What is the diameter of:
A-a
A-b
A-y
A-gamma

A

a= 12-20
b= 5-12
y=3-6
gamma= 2.5

53
Q

what is the diameter of Group B fibers?

A

less than 3

54
Q

what is the diameter of Group C fibres for pain and temperature?

A

0/4-1.2

55
Q

what is the diameter of Group C fibres for postganglionic autonomic?

A

0.3-1.3

56
Q

What is the Autonomic nervous system?

A

Division of motor neurons that:

supplies smooth, cardiac muscle and glands

regulates internal environment

and is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic

57
Q

What is the fight or flight response?

A

sympathetic

58
Q

what is the rest and digest respomse?

A

parasympathetic

59
Q

Do symapthetic and parasympathetic divisions act antagonistically or agonistically?

A

antagonistically = opposite effects

60
Q

what are the two responses in the patellar reflex?

A

Positive response: quadricep contracts

reduction of MP: hamstring relaxes because when there is a reduction of MP it becomes less likely to fire a AP

61
Q

What is the overall function of the sympathetic division?

A

mobilizes body systems during activity

62
Q

what is the overall function of the parasympathetic division?

A

conserves energy and pormotes house-keeping functions at rest

63
Q

What do all somatic motor neurons release and what does it do?

A

all release acetylcholine to activate nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle.

CTL (11 decks)

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