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Epithelial tissue Flashcards

wk 3

1
Q

What are the three major functions of epithelial tissue?

A

selective barrier, secretory surface and protective surface

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2
Q

What are the two types of epithelial tissue?

A

covering and linning tissue and Glandular epithelium

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3
Q

what is covering and lining tissue?

A

outer cover of skin and internal organs

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4
Q

where might you find covering and lining tissue?

A

inner-lining of blood vessels, ducts and body cavities and in tracts such as respiratory, digestive and reproductive

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5
Q

what is glandular epithelium?

A

secreting portion of glands

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6
Q

what are the three types of surfaces in epithelia?

A

Apical, basal and lateral

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7
Q

What is the apical surface?

A

the most superficial layer of cells, attached to free surface and has surface specialisations.

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8
Q

what are the surface specialisations that are attached to the apical surface?

A

Microvilli, cilia, goblet cells and keratin

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9
Q

what is keratin?

A

protective layer that resists abrasive forces

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10
Q

what is microvilli and where is it commonly found?

A

increases the efficiency of absorption and most commonly found in small intestine.

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11
Q

what is cilia and where is it commonly found?

A

move substances over epithelial and found in the respiratory tract, brain and fallopian tube.

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12
Q

what are goblet cells?

A

mucous secreting cells

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13
Q

what are basal cells?

A

the deepest layer of cells that adhere to the basement membrane

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14
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

a thin layer that attaches to and supports epithelial tissue.

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15
Q

what are the two components of the basement membrane?

A

basal lamina and reticular lamina

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16
Q

what and where is the basal lamina?

A

contans proteins and glycoproteins, molecules within it adhere to intergrin and is located close to epithelial cells.

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17
Q

Where is reticular lamina?

A

close to connective tissue

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18
Q

what are the structrual classifications of epithelial cells?

A

shape, layers and gland type

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19
Q

what are the four cell shape types?

A

Squamous, columnar, cuboidal and transitional

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20
Q

Describe squamous cells.

A

flat and thin to allow subtsnaces to pass easily. Can be identified by flat nuclei in microscope.

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21
Q

Describe Columnar cells.

A

rectangular, have specialisations (cilia/microvilli) and allow for protection, absorption and secretion.

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22
Q

Describe cuboidal cells.

A

square and cubed, contain microvilli and promote absorption and secretion.

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23
Q

Describe transitional cells.

A

change shape from squamous to cuboidal and again. Allows the surface to stretch.

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24
Q

What are the types of cell layers?

A

simple, stratified and pseudostratified

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25
Simple Cell Layer
single layer in which things can pass through easily
26
Stratified Cell Layer
Two or more layers of cells, creates protection
27
Pseudostratified
appears to have many layers but indeed is simple. Usually in cells that have high mitotic activity (trachea)
28
What are the two types of glands?
Endorcrine and exocrine glands
29
Where are endocrine glands?
within the body
30
Where are exocrine glands and describe them
outside the body, release into a duct and mostly in the epithelia.
31
How can the two glands be classified?
If they are unicellular or multicellular
32
what are the unicellular exocrine glands?
goblet cells
33
what is a unicellular endocrine hormone?
enteroendocrine hormones
34
what are multicellular glands classified by?
Branching (branched/unbranched) and shape (tubulor or rounded)
35
What is the mode of secretion for merocrine glands?
secretion synthesised by ribosomes on RER --> packed by GA --> released via exocytosis
36
What is an example of a merocrine gland?
salivary gland
37
What is the mode of secretion for Apocrine Glands
Accumulates secretory products at the apical (top) --> end of cell pinches off via exocytosis --> repairs itself
38
What is an example of a Holocrine Gland?
Sebaceous gland (near the skin)
39
What is the mode of secretion for Holocrine Glands?
accumulates secretory products in cytosol --> cell ruptures --> releases products
40
What is an example of an Apocrine Gland?
mammary gland
41
What are the two main membranes involved in the epithelia?
Serous and mucous
42
Where is the Serous membrane?
Lines cavities that do NOT open DIRECTLY to EXTERIOR and the organs within the cavity
43
What are examples of cavities that the serous membrane lines?
Thoracic and abdominal
44
What is the purpose of the serous membrane?
secrets serous fluid which sits between the two layers of membrane to allow for lubrication
45
Where is the Mucous membrane?
Lines all cavities that OPEN to the EXTERIOR
46
What are example of cavaites that are lined by the Mucous Membrane?
Respiratory, reproductive, digestive and most of the urinary tract.
47
Structure of Tight Junctions
Uses transmembrane proteins that bind to the plasma of adjacent cells.
48
Purpose of Tight Junctions
Seal very tightly and prevent things from moving in
49
What organs have Tight Junctions?
Stomach, bladder and intestines
50
Structure of adherens
Cadherin inserts into microfilaments plaque on one cell to cadherin on the adjacent cell.
51
What is the prupose of adherens?
resists separation during contractive actions
52
What organs have adherens?
intestines
53
What is the structure of Desmosomes?
cadherins join to plaque made from intermediate filaments
54
What is the purpose of Desmosomes?
resist separation under tension
55
What organs have Desmosomes and Hemidesmosomes?
Heart and epidermis
56
What are Hemidesmosmes?
junctions between the bottom of the cell and basal lamina?
57
What is the purpose of hemidesmosomes?
anchor cells to the basement membrane
58
What is the structure of Gap Junctions?
Connexions creat Connexons (fluid-filled tunnels) that allow for direct connection via cytoplasm.
59
what is the purpose of Gap Junctions?
allows for rapid communication which is vital when things need to occur in sync (e.g beating heart)
60
Where are Gap Junctions found?
Muscles in heart, GI tract and uterus.
61
What transmembrane protein is found in adheren junctions?
Cadherins
62
Where in the body would you find stratified squamous epithelia?
Vagina
63
What type of secretion does the pancreas use?
merocrine secretion
64
What is an example of apocrine secretion?
Milk production in the mammary glands.
65
What is the function of microvilli?
To increase SA of an epithelia for absorption
66
What are the advantages of glandular secretion over unicellular?
Increased volume of secretion, control of timing of release and ability to store rather than have continuous release.
67
What is keratin?
protein that creates extra protection for an epithelia from heat, microbes, chemicals and water loss.
68
What is an example of a mucous membrane?
Respiratory tract.
69
Where in the body would you find simple cuboidal epithelia?
pancreas.
70
Where in the body would you find simple columnar epithelium?
Duodenum
71
what type of cell junction contains intergin proteins?
Hemidesmosomes
72
what is the function of cillia?
move trapped particles across the surface of the epithelia
73
What is the name of the superfcial layer of basement membrane?
basal lamina
74
In which type of epithelial membrane would you find a lamina propria?
Mucous membrane
75
What type of connective tissues underlies the epithelia of the body?
Loose areolar
76
What type of epithelium would you find in the urinary bladder?
transitional
77
What type of epithelia would you find forming the serous membranes of the body?
simple squamous
78
Does the epithelia receive direct blood supply?
No- it is avascular
79

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