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CTL > Epithelial tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial tissue Flashcards

wk 3

1
Q

What are the three major functions of epithelial tissue?

A

selective barrier, secretory surface and protective surface

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2
Q

What are the two types of epithelial tissue?

A

covering and linning tissue and Glandular epithelium

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3
Q

what is covering and lining tissue?

A

outer cover of skin and internal organs

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4
Q

where might you find covering and lining tissue?

A

inner-lining of blood vessels, ducts and body cavities and in tracts such as respiratory, digestive and reproductive

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5
Q

what is glandular epithelium?

A

secreting portion of glands

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6
Q

what are the three types of surfaces in epithelia?

A

Apical, basal and lateral

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7
Q

What is the apical surface?

A

the most superficial layer of cells, attached to free surface and has surface specialisations.

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8
Q

what are the surface specialisations that are attached to the apical surface?

A

Microvilli, cilia, goblet cells and keratin

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9
Q

what is keratin?

A

protective layer that resists abrasive forces

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10
Q

what is microvilli and where is it commonly found?

A

increases the efficiency of absorption and most commonly found in small intestine.

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11
Q

what is cilia and where is it commonly found?

A

move substances over epithelial and found in the respiratory tract, brain and fallopian tube.

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12
Q

what are goblet cells?

A

mucous secreting cells

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13
Q

what are basal cells?

A

the deepest layer of cells that adhere to the basement membrane

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14
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

a thin layer that attaches to and supports epithelial tissue.

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15
Q

what are the two components of the basement membrane?

A

basal lamina and reticular lamina

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16
Q

what and where is the basal lamina?

A

contans proteins and glycoproteins, molecules within it adhere to intergrin and is located close to epithelial cells.

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17
Q

Where is reticular lamina?

A

close to connective tissue

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18
Q

what are the structrual classifications of epithelial cells?

A

shape, layers and gland type

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19
Q

what are the four cell shape types?

A

Squamous, columnar, cuboidal and transitional

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20
Q

Describe squamous cells.

A

flat and thin to allow subtsnaces to pass easily. Can be identified by flat nuclei in microscope.

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21
Q

Describe Columnar cells.

A

rectangular, have specialisations (cilia/microvilli) and allow for protection, absorption and secretion.

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22
Q

Describe cuboidal cells.

A

square and cubed, contain microvilli and promote absorption and secretion.

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23
Q

Describe transitional cells.

A

change shape from squamous to cuboidal and again. Allows the surface to stretch.

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24
Q

What are the types of cell layers?

A

simple, stratified and pseudostratified

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25
Q

Simple Cell Layer

A

single layer in which things can pass through easily

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26
Q

Stratified Cell Layer

A

Two or more layers of cells, creates protection

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27
Q

Pseudostratified

A

appears to have many layers but indeed is simple. Usually in cells that have high mitotic activity (trachea)

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28
Q

What are the two types of glands?

A

Endorcrine and exocrine glands

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29
Q

Where are endocrine glands?

A

within the body

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30
Q

Where are exocrine glands and describe them

A

outside the body, release into a duct and mostly in the epithelia.

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31
Q

How can the two glands be classified?

A

If they are unicellular or multicellular

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32
Q

what are the unicellular exocrine glands?

A

goblet cells

33
Q

what is a unicellular endocrine hormone?

A

enteroendocrine hormones

34
Q

what are multicellular glands classified by?

A

Branching (branched/unbranched) and shape (tubulor or rounded)

35
Q

What is the mode of secretion for merocrine glands?

A

secretion synthesised by ribosomes on RER –> packed by GA –> released via exocytosis

36
Q

What is an example of a merocrine gland?

A

salivary gland

37
Q

What is the mode of secretion for Apocrine Glands

A

Accumulates secretory products at the apical (top) –> end of cell pinches off via exocytosis –> repairs itself

38
Q

What is an example of a Holocrine Gland?

A

Sebaceous gland (near the skin)

39
Q

What is the mode of secretion for Holocrine Glands?

A

accumulates secretory products in cytosol –> cell ruptures –> releases products

40
Q

What is an example of an Apocrine Gland?

A

mammary gland

41
Q

What are the two main membranes involved in the epithelia?

A

Serous and mucous

42
Q

Where is the Serous membrane?

A

Lines cavities that do NOT open DIRECTLY to EXTERIOR and the organs within the cavity

43
Q

What are examples of cavities that the serous membrane lines?

A

Thoracic and abdominal

44
Q

What is the purpose of the serous membrane?

A

secrets serous fluid which sits between the two layers of membrane to allow for lubrication

45
Q

Where is the Mucous membrane?

A

Lines all cavities that OPEN to the EXTERIOR

46
Q

What are example of cavaites that are lined by the Mucous Membrane?

A

Respiratory, reproductive, digestive and most of the urinary tract.

47
Q

Structure of Tight Junctions

A

Uses transmembrane proteins that bind to the plasma of adjacent cells.

48
Q

Purpose of Tight Junctions

A

Seal very tightly and prevent things from moving in

49
Q

What organs have Tight Junctions?

A

Stomach, bladder and intestines

50
Q

Structure of adherens

A

Cadherin inserts into microfilaments plaque on one cell to cadherin on the adjacent cell.

51
Q

What is the prupose of adherens?

A

resists separation during contractive actions

52
Q

What organs have adherens?

A

intestines

53
Q

What is the structure of Desmosomes?

A

cadherins join to plaque made from intermediate filaments

54
Q

What is the purpose of Desmosomes?

A

resist separation under tension

55
Q

What organs have Desmosomes and Hemidesmosomes?

A

Heart and epidermis

56
Q

What are Hemidesmosmes?

A

junctions between the bottom of the cell and basal lamina?

57
Q

What is the purpose of hemidesmosomes?

A

anchor cells to the basement membrane

58
Q

What is the structure of Gap Junctions?

A

Connexions creat Connexons (fluid-filled tunnels) that allow for direct connection via cytoplasm.

59
Q

what is the purpose of Gap Junctions?

A

allows for rapid communication which is vital when things need to occur in sync (e.g beating heart)

60
Q

Where are Gap Junctions found?

A

Muscles in heart, GI tract and uterus.

61
Q

What transmembrane protein is found in adheren junctions?

A

Cadherins

62
Q

Where in the body would you find stratified squamous epithelia?

A

Vagina

63
Q

What type of secretion does the pancreas use?

A

merocrine secretion

64
Q

What is an example of apocrine secretion?

A

Milk production in the mammary glands.

65
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

To increase SA of an epithelia for absorption

66
Q

What are the advantages of glandular secretion over unicellular?

A

Increased volume of secretion, control of timing of release and ability to store rather than have continuous release.

67
Q

What is keratin?

A

protein that creates extra protection for an epithelia from heat, microbes, chemicals and water loss.

68
Q

What is an example of a mucous membrane?

A

Respiratory tract.

69
Q

Where in the body would you find simple cuboidal epithelia?

A

pancreas.

70
Q

Where in the body would you find simple columnar epithelium?

A

Duodenum

71
Q

what type of cell junction contains intergin proteins?

A

Hemidesmosomes

72
Q

what is the function of cillia?

A

move trapped particles across the surface of the epithelia

73
Q

What is the name of the superfcial layer of basement membrane?

A

basal lamina

74
Q

In which type of epithelial membrane would you find a lamina propria?

A

Mucous membrane

75
Q

What type of connective tissues underlies the epithelia of the body?

A

Loose areolar

76
Q

What type of epithelium would you find in the urinary bladder?

A

transitional

77
Q

What type of epithelia would you find forming the serous membranes of the body?

A

simple squamous

78
Q

Does the epithelia receive direct blood supply?

A

No- it is avascular

79
Q
A

CTL (11 decks)

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